Biochemistry Flashcards

5091529480	first law of thermodynamics	total energy of a system and its surroundings is always constant; it is neither created or destroyed, but can change forms	0
5091532951	second law of thermodynamics	the total entropy of a system and its surroundings i.e. the universe, always increases	1
5091535994	entropy	a measure of the randomness or disorder of a system	2
5091538472	spontaneous process	a process that occurs in a system without any input of energy from the surroundings	3
5091579941	delta G < 0	the reaction is spontaneous from left to right. exergonic, or energy-releasing	4
5091582269	delta G > 0	non-spontaneous. endergonic, or energy-consuming	5
5091587304	delta G = 0	is at equilibrium	6
5091608748	monosaccharide	one monomeric unit. glucose, fructose, ribose, galactose	7
5091614579	polysaccharide	> 20 monosaccharides units, starch glycogen	8
5091619361	oligosaccharide	2- 20 monosaccharide units sucrose, lactose	9
5091621377	sugars	monosaccharides and disaccharides are commonly referred to as	10
5091630436	glycosidic bond	two simple sugar molecules can be joined in tandem, when a OH group of onesugardisplaces the OH group on the other sugar's anomeric carbon	11
5091632221	glycogen	animal storage form of glucose	12
5091632222	starch	plant storage form of glucose	13
5091634328	cellulose	constituent of plant cell walls	14
5091640864	catabolism	the degradative phase of metabolism	15
5091642371	anabolism	the synthesis phase of metabolism	16
5091672687	fermentation	the process that breaks down an energy-rich molecule	17
5091698124	reduction potential	a measure in volts of the affinity for electrons	18
5091701657	reductant	oxidant + e-	19
5091704592	rotenone	blocks electron transfer in complex I	20
5091707317	antimycin A	block e- transfer in complex II	21
5091710456	CN, CO	block e- transfer in complex IV	22
5091715548	reactions	light-dependant and Carbon- assimilation	23
5091719253	light-dependent reaction	results in the production of O2,NADPH,and ATP	24
5091723030	carbon-assimilation reaction	ATP and NADPH are used to convert CO2 to hexose phosphates	25
5091728914	thylakoid membrane	light reactions take place here	26
5091731807	chlorophyll	light harvesting pigments in plants	27
5091740463	photophosphorylation	the synthesis of ATP coupled to light-driven electron transport	28
5091752206	stroma	Carbon- assimilation reaction takes place in	29
5091757126	calvin cycle	carbon- fixation reactions	30
5091774597	cytosol	where sucrose is synthesized	31
5091776265	chloroplasts	where starch is synthesized	32
5091784224	reciprocal regulation	opposing pathways are regulated in inverse directions, stimulating one pathway inhibits the other	33
5091799112	glucagon	stimulates glycogen breakdown and inhibits glycogen synthesis	34
5091801439	high blood glucose	insulin stimulates glycogen synthesis and inhibits glycogen synthesis and inhibits glycogen breakdown	35