Biochemistry Flashcards

5144198710	acid	Any substance below 7 on the pH scale	0
5144198711	activation energy	The minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction	1
5144198712	adhesion	An attraction between molecules of different substances	2
5144200980	amino acid	Monomer of proteins	3
5144200981	atom	Basic unit of matter	4
5144200982	base	Any substance above 7 on the pH scale	5
5144202838	biological catalyst	Speed up the reactions that occur inside cells of living organisms, example: enzyme	6
5144206563	buffer	Compound that prevents sharp, sudden changes in pH	7
5144206564	cohesion	Attraction between molecules of the same substance	8
5144206565	covalent bond	A chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule	9
5144208281	electron	A subatomic particle that has a negative charge	10
5144208282	element	A pure substance made of only one kind of atom	11
5144208283	enzyme	A type of protein that speeds up chemical reactions, ends with -ase	12
5144208284	fatty acid	Building blocks of lipids	13
5144210511	glycogen	Food storage for animals	14
5144210512	hydrogen bond	The attraction between the oppositely charged regions of two molecules; occurs in water molecules when hydrogens in one molecule are attracted to oxygens in another	15
5144212462	inorganic compounds	Compounds that do not contain carbon AND hydrogen	16
5144212463	ion	An atom or group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge.	17
5144212464	ionic bond	Formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another	18
5144212465	macromolecule	Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids	19
5144217167	monomer	The subunit that serves as the building block of a polymer.	20
5144217168	monosaccharide	A simple sugar that is the basic subunit of a carbohydrate	21
5144218828	nucleotide	A building block of DNA, consisting of a five-carbon sugar covalently bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group.	22
5144218829	nucleus	A region that is located at the center of an atom and contains most of the atom's mass (protons and neutrons)	23
5144220882	organic compounds	compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen	24
5144220883	pH scale	measurement system used to indicate the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) in solution; ranges from 0 to 14	25
5144220884	polar molecule	Molecule with an unequal distribution of charge, resulting in the molecule having a positive end and a negative end	26
5144222714	polymer	large compound formed from combinations of many monomers	27
5144222715	polypeptide	protein polymer	28
5144224842	polysaccharide	Polymers of carbohydrates	29
5144224843	products	Ending materials in a chemical reaction.	30
5144224844	proton	A subatomic particle that has a positive charge and that is found in the nucleus of an atom	31
5144226808	reactants	A starting material in a chemical reaction	32
5144226809	saturated fat	Single bond; a fat that is solid at room temperature and found in animal fats, lards, and dairy products.	33
5144228266	solute	Substance being dissolved	34
5144228267	solution	A mixture in which one or more substances are evenly distributed in another substance.	35
5144228268	solvent	A liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances	36
5144228269	starch	A storage polysaccharide in plants consisting entirely of glucose.	37
5144230648	steroid	Lipids that act as chemical messengers	38
5144230649	tertiary	Third in order	39
5144232077	unsaturated fat	double bond; a fat that is liquid at room temperature and found in vegetable oils, nuts, and seeds.	40