Biochemistry Flashcards

8063907046	Atom	basic building block of matter	0
8063907047	Ion	an atom with an excess charge; Na+, Cl-	1
8063907048	Isotope	atoms that differ only by the number of neutrons; C13, C14 (radioactive-carbon dating)	2
8063907049	Compound	two or more different kinds of atoms or elements combined; H2O, CO2	3
8063907050	Carbohydrate	organic compound that contains CHO with hydrogen and oxygen in a 2:1 ratio; ring shaped; made of sugars, provides energy	4
8063907051	Monosaccharide	one sugar molecule; ex. glucose	5
8063907052	Disaccharide	two sugar molecules joined together; ex. maltose, lactose	6
8063907053	Amino acid	building blocks of proteins	7
8063907054	Dipeptide	formed by joining two amino acids	8
8063907055	Polypeptide	a chain of multiple amino acids joined together	9
8063907056	Protein	organic compound that contains C,H,O,N; made of amino acids, cell repair and growth	10
8063907057	Covalent bond	chemical bond formed by sharing electrons; ex. H2O, CO2	11
8063907058	Organic	any substance that contains the elements Carbon and Hydrogen together; C6H12O6	12
8063907059	Inorganic	any substance that does NOT contain Carbon and Hydrogen together, ex. H2O, CO2	13
8063907060	Acid	a compound that produces excess Hydrogen ions (H+) in solution; pH less than 7	14
8063907061	Base	a compound that produces excess hydroxide ions (OH-) in solution; pH greater than 7	15
8063907062	Neutral	a molecule that contains no electrical charge or has equal H+ and OH- ions; pH 7	16
8063907063	pH scale	a unit of measure that determines the acidity of a solution	17
8063907064	Lipid	organic compound that contains C,H,O; made of 3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol, stores energy, protects organs	18
8063907065	Hydrolysis	breaking down large molecules by adding water	19
8063907066	Dehydration Synthesis	building large molecules by taking out water	20
8063907067	Catalyst	gets a chemical reaction started; ex. fire	21
8063907068	Enzyme	organic catalyst made out of protein; needed for all chemical reactions in an organism	22
8063907069	Product	created as a result of a chemical reaction	23
8063907070	Reactants (Raw Materials)	materials that are needed for or used in a chemical reaction	24
8063907071	Chromatography	a technique used to separate molecules such as plant pigments based on their chemical properties	25
8063907072	Photosynthesis	capturing light energy to make food (glucose) from CO2 and H2O; occurs in chloroplasts	26
8063907073	Cellular respiration	releasing the energy in chemical bonds of (glucose) to generate ATP; occurs in mitochondria	27
8063907074	ATP	source of energy used by all cells	28
8063907075	Glucose	simple sugar used in cellular respiration	29