Biochemistry Flashcards

5058219750	Atoms	Tiny units that make up living and nonliving things	0
5058219751	Nucleus	The center core of the atom	1
5058219752	Neutron	No electrical charge	2
5058219753	Electron	Negatively charged particles	3
5058219754	Proton	Positively charged particles	4
5058219755	Element	A substance made up entirely of one kind of atom	5
5058219756	Compound	Formed when 2 or more elements chemically combine	6
5058219757	Chemical Bonding	The process by which 2 elements combine	7
5058219758	Molecule	A small particle of an element or compound capable of independent motion	8
5058219759	Chemical Formula	Represents the chemical makeup of a compound. Ex. Carbon Dioxide- CO2	9
5058219760	Structural Formula	The formula that shows the kinds, numbers, and arrangement or atoms. Ex. Carbon Dioxide- O=C=O	10
5058219761	Equation	Used to describe chemical reactions	11
5058219762	Reactant	The substances that start the reaction. On the left side of the equation	12
5058219763	Product	Substances formed by the reaction. Placed on the right side of the equation	13
5058219764	Inorganic Compound	Compounds that do not contain both Carbon and Hydrogen	14
5058219765	Organic Compound	Compounds that contain Carbon and Hydrogen	15
5058219766	Carbohydrates	Main source of energy for cell activities. Formed by carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Ex. Starch and Sugars	16
5058219767	Monosaccharide	Simple sugars. Building blocks of carbohydrates. Ex. Glucose	17
5058219768	Dissaccharide	Double sugar. Ex. Maltose.	18
5058219769	Glucose	Common monosaccharide. Formed during photosynthesis. C6H12O6	19
5058219770	Maltose	Common dissaccharide. Formed when 2 glucose molecules chemically combine	20
5058219771	Polysaccharide	Long chains of monosaccharides bonded together. Ex. Starch and cellulose	21
5058219772	Lipids	Fats and oils. Contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Form part of the structure in a cell membrane. Source of stored energy.	22
5058219773	Fats	Lipids that are solid at room temperature.	23
5058219774	Oils	Lipids that are liquid at room temperature	24
5058219775	Fatty acids and Glycerol	Building blocks of lipids	25
5058219776	Protein	Form important cell products such as enzymes, many hormones, antibodies, and hemoglobin. Made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. Composed of amino acids. Made of long polypeptide chains	26
5058219777	Amino acid	Building blocks of proteins. 20 _______ in living things.	27
5058219778	Dipetide	2 amino acids bonded together	28
5058219779	Polypeptide	Many amino acids bonded together	29
5058219780	Enzyme	Large complex protein molecules that control the rate of chemical reactions. The organic catalysts in cellular chemical reactions. Each chemical reaction that occurs in a living thing is controlled by this.	30
5058219781	Catalyst	Something that speeds up or slows down chemical reactions.	31
5058219782	Nucleic Acid	Large molecules made up of carbon, oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorus.	32
5058219783	Nucleotide	Simplest unit of nucleic acids. Composed of a sugar molecule, a nitrogen base, and a phosphate group.	33
5058219784	DNA	Makes up genes and is involved in heredity	34
5058219785	RNA	Involved in the synthesis of proteins	35
5058219786	PH scale	Measures whether a solution is acid, basic, or neutral. Runs from 0-14. 7 is neutral. Lower the number stronger the acid. Higher than 7 is base	36