Biochemistry Flashcards
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| 5391865392 | hydrogen bond | A strong attraction between hydrogen atoms and certain other atoms (usually oxygen or nitrogen) in specific molecules. | 0 | |
| 5391871061 | carbohydrate | "Compound containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in the approximate ratio of C:2H:O (e.g., sugars, starches, and cellulose)" | 1 | |
| 5391874132 | lipid | Energy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes, that are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. | 2 | |
| 5391880942 | Protein | A molecule that is made up of amino acids and that is needed to build and repair body structures and to regulate processes in the body. | 3 | |
| 5391886319 | Nucleic acid | A biological macromolecule (DNA or RNA) composed of the elements C, H, N, O, and P that carries genetic information. | 4 | |
| 5391891381 | monosaccharide | A single sugar molecule such as glucose or fructose, the simplest type of sugar. | 5 | |
| 5391893146 | disaccharide | A double sugar, consisting of two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis. | 6 | |
| 5391894969 | polysaccharide | A polymer of thousands of simple sugars formed by dehydration synthesis. Glycogen Cellulose Starch Chitin | 7 | |
| 5391901482 | Triglyceride | Circulate in the blood and are made up of three fatty acids attached to a glycerol. | 8 | |
| 5391907040 | phospholipid | A molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes, having a polar, hydrophilic head and a non-polar, hydrophobic tail. | 9 | |
| 5391909255 | cholesterol | A steroid that forms an essential component of animal cell membranes and acts as a precursor molecule for the synthesis of other biologically important steroids. | 10 | |
| 5391916378 | Amino Acid | Building blocks of protein The monomers joined to make proteins/polypeptides. | 11 | |
| 5391924422 | DNA | A complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes. | 12 | |
| 5391926293 | RNA | A single-stranded nucleic acid that passes along genetic messages | 13 | |
| 5391930416 | Dehydration synthesis | A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule. | 14 | |
| 5391931819 | Hydrolysis | Breaking down complex molecules by the chemical addition of water | 15 | |
| 5391934989 | Primary structure | sequence of amino acids | 16 | |
| 5391936492 | Secondary structure | Either an alpha helix or beta pleated sheet. Created through hydrogen bonds | 17 | |
| 5391939117 | Tertiary structure | Results from interactions between side chains. | 18 | |
| 5391943295 | Quarterary structure | bonding between more than one amino acid chain | 19 |