Biochemistry Flashcards

5524686963	Atom	basic building block of matter	0
5524686964	Ion	an atom with an excess charge; Na+, Cl-	1
5524686965	Isotope	atoms that differ only by the number of neutrons; C13, C14 (radioactive-carbon dating)	2
5524686966	Compound	two or more different kinds of atoms or elements combined; H2O, CO2	3
5524686967	Carbohydrate	organic compound that contains CHO with hydrogen and oxygen in a 2:1 ratio; ring shaped; made of sugars, provides energy	4
5524686968	Monosaccharide	one sugar molecule; ex. glucose	5
5524686969	Disaccharide	two sugar molecules joined together; ex. maltose, lactose	6
5524686970	Amino acid	building blocks of proteins	7
5524686971	Dipeptide	formed by joining two amino acids	8
5524686972	Polypeptide	a chain of multiple amino acids joined together	9
5524686973	Protein	organic compound that contains C,H,O,N; made of amino acids, cell repair and growth	10
5524686974	Covalent bond	chemical bond formed by sharing electrons; ex. H2O, CO2	11
5524686975	Organic	any substance that contains the elements Carbon and Hydrogen together	12
5524686976	Inorganic	any substance that does NOT contain Carbon and Hydrogen together, ex. H2O, CO2	13
5524686977	Acid	a compound that produces excess Hydrogen ions (H+) in solution; pH less than 7	14
5524686978	Base	a compound that produces excess hydroxide ions (OH-) in solution; pH greater than 7	15
5524686979	Neutral	a molecule that contains no electrical charge or has equal H+ and OH- ions; pH 7	16
5524686980	pH scale	a unit of measure that determines the acidity of a solution	17
5524686981	Lipid	organic compound that contains C,H,O; made of 3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol, stores energy, protects organs	18
5524686982	Hydrolysis	breaking down large molecules by adding water	19
5524686983	Dehydration Synthesis	building large molecules by taking out water	20
5524686984	Catalyst	gets a chemical reaction started; ex. fire	21
5524686985	Enzyme	organic catalyst made out of protein; needed for all chemical reactions in an organism	22
5524686986	Product	created as a result of a chemical reaction	23
5524686987	Reactants (Raw Materials)	materials that are needed for or used in a chemical reaction	24
5524686988	Molecule	smallest amount of an element or compound capable of independent motion (ex. H2O, O2, H2)	25
5524686989	Chromatography	a technique used to separate molecules such as plant pigments based on their chemical properties	26
5524686990	Photosynthesis	capturing light energy to make food (glucose) from CO2 and H2O; occurs in chloroplasts	27
5524686991	Cellular respiration	releasing the energy in chemical bonds to generate ATP; occurs in mitochondria	28
5524686992	ATP	source of energy used by all cells	29
5524686993	Glucose	simple sugar used in cellular respiration	30