Biochemistry Flashcards
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| 7559591947 | Macronutrients | - Essential nutrients - Anything the body cant synthesise and has to get from diet | 0 | |
| 7559596188 | Types of macronutrients | - Proteins - Carbohydrates - Fats - Chemicals (phosphate, nitrate, sulphate, potassium, sodium, calcium, iron, chloride) | 1 | |
| 7559606660 | Micronutrients | Vitamins and minerals needed by the body in very small amounts | 2 | |
| 7559610819 | Types of micronutrients | - Manganese - Copper - Iodine - Zinc - Flourine | 3 | |
| 7559613072 | Macromolecule | Large molecules made from thousands of smaller ones - carbohydrates - lipids - proteins - nucleic acids | 4 | |
| 7559630667 | Carbohydrates | Simple = all sugars dextrose, maltose, lactose, sucrose) Complex = starches (bread, rice, pasta, beans, potatoes, fruits, vegetables) | 5 | |
| 7559637623 | Monosaccharides | - Simple sugar (1 unit) - Colourless and water soluble - Sweet, crystalline sugar - Can form polymers - Glucose is most common |  | 6 |
| 7559643227 | Disaccharides | - Double sugar (2 x mono) - Sweet, soluble, crystalline sugar - Can split into monosaccharides with addition of water e.g. sucrose = glucose + fructose | 7 | |
| 7559647503 | Polysaccharides | - Complex carbs made up of chains of monosaccharides linked by glycosidic bonds - Large, insoluble and do not easily diffuse out of cell - Storage molecules - After hydrolisis = revert to constituent monosaccharides for use as respiratory substrates (ATP) |  | 8 |
| 7559657626 | Lipids | - Insoluble fats and oils - Composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen - Fatty acids + alcohol (glycerol) | 9 | |
| 7559665206 | Function of lipids | - Energy stores - Energy source (2x more energy than carbs/proteins) - Insulation - Protection - Waterproofing - Phospholipids are major component of cell membranes | 10 | |
| 7559672249 | Proteins | - Made up of thousands of amino acids in long chains - Large, insoluble molecules - Composed of (carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorus) | 11 | |
| 7559680636 | Amino acids | - Building blocks of proteins - Group together to from peptides and polypeptides - Soluble in water and form ions |  | 12 |
| 7559686312 | Protein structure | Primary- sequence of amino acids within polypeptides Secondary- shape of polypeptide chains with hydrogen bonds Tertiary- due to bending and twisting into compact structure Quaternary- combo of different polypeptide chains and non proteins to make complex molecule | 13 | |
| 7559698562 | Fibrous proteins | - Group of long, fiber-like proteins that form structural parts of cells and body tissues - Insoluble - Keratins (nails), Collagens (skin), Elastins | 14 | |
| 7559711051 | Globular proteins | - Spherical water soluble proteins - Metabolic roles e.g. enzymes |  | 15 |