Biochemistry Flashcards

8644647174	Homeostasis	stable internal environment	0
8644662626	Negative Feedback	moves towards homeostasis	1
8644676665	Thyroxine	Made by thyroid; affects almost every process in the body; also called T4	2
8644689060	Positive Feedback	moves away from homeostasis	3
8644693161	Oxytocin	hormone that stimulates uterine contractions such as during labor	4
8644699205	Glucose	stored a glycogen and triglycerides	5
8644706286	Insulin	Made by pancreas; regulates blood glucose levels; sends signals to have stored transporters to go to cell edge to take in glucose	6
8644721737	Glucagon	produced in response to low blood sugar; signals liver to break down glycogen into glucose and release it into blood	7
8644744230	Leptin	keeps you at set weight; negative feedback	8
8644750071	Ectotherm	influence by OUTSIDE	9
8644754013	Endotherm	WithiN INside	10
8644765056	Temperature regulation- hot	vasodilation; sweating; pilorelaxation;	11
8644773747	Temperature regulation- cold	Vasoconstriction; shivering; piloerection	12
8644783631	Metabolic rate as related to oxygen	As metabolic rate goes up, so does oxygen rate	13
8644807354	Hemoglobin	Major respiratory pigments in vertebrates	14
8644813367	Myoglobin	Another respiratory pigment found in muscle cells; has a higher affinity for oxygen	15
8644837981	CO poisoning	Hemoglobin bonds to the CO instead of O2	16
8644844133	Organic Molecules	molecules based on carbon	17
8644853438	Carbon double bonds and Carbon hydrogen bonds	nonpolar	18
8644857094	Carbon and Hydrogen electronegativity	Nearly the same	19
8644870315	Carbohydrate forms	1) Sugars 2) Long polymers of sugar	20
8644873659	Carbohydrate ratio	Carbon: Hydrogen: Oxygen 1: 2: 1	21
8644877988	Monosaccharides	Ring shape ex: Glucose Fructose Galactose	22
8644884681	Disaccharides	Two monosaccharides jointed by dehydration synthesis ex: lactose sucrose	23
8644899194	Polysaccharides	Long polymers of monosaccharides; starch (plants) and glycogen (animals)	24
8644911173	Lipids	fats; phospholipids; steroids; waxes; mostly nonpolar	25
8644917627	Fats (Triglycerides)	glycerol + 3 fatty acids joined through dehydration synthesis	26
8644928461	Saturated	Maximum # of H	27
8644931995	Unsaturated	Carbon double bond	28
8644936273	Phospholipids	major membrane component; glycerol and 2 fatty acid chains	29
8644941972	Steroids	Multiple Ring structure; nonpolar; cholesterol; hormones; little oxygen; mostly C and H	30
8644972334	Proteins	made of amino acids	31
8644997714	2 amino acids bond	dehydration reaction forms a peptide bond (covalent)	32
8645006416	Protein Structure	Primary-amino acid sequence Secondary- polar groups form H-bonds (Alpha Helix or Beta Pleated) Tertiary- 3D shape in a single polypeptide Quaternary- bonding of more than one folded polypeptide chain	33
8645024198	Nucleic Acid	DNA and RNA	34
8645046108	Entropy	disorder; favored	35
8645053276	Free energy	usable energy in a system	36
8645061480	Exergonic reaction	Spontaneous; will occur on its own	37
8645068638	Endergonic reaction	requires an input on free energy	38
8645079845	Enzymes	proteins that speed up the rate of chemical reactions; lower activation energy	39
8645082889	Induced fit	when the enzyme and substrate interact it caused a conformational change that allows substrate to bind more tightly	40
8645103191	Allosteric activation/ inhibition	secondary bonding site	41
8645111346	Catabolic Reactions	breakdown molecules	42
8645114824	anabolic reactions	synthesize larger molecules	43
8645123516	electronegativity	how strongly an atom attracts electrons	44
8645129973	Solute/ solvent	put the LUTE in the VENT	45
8645133358	aqueous solution	solutions made with water	46
8645138974	Hydrolysis	adds a water molecule, breaking a bond	47
8645140797	dehydration	removes a water, forms a new bond	48
8645143628	Properties of water	1) chemical reactions 2) incompressible 3) eliminate soluble waste 4) high specific heat 5) High heat of vaporization/ heat of fusion (needs a lot of energy to change state) 6) Cohesion 7) Adhesion 8)Powerful solvent	49
8645174174	Acids	Lower pH; high H concentration	50
8645176867	Bases	high pH; low H concentration	51