Biochemistry Flashcards

7488844718	Organic compounds	A chemical compound containing the element carbon and usually synthesized by cells (lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, & nucleic acids)	0
7488844719	Hydroxyl	OH ex. Ethanol (C2H5OH) It is polar, present in sugars and some amino acids	1
7488844720	Carbonyl	C double bonded to O ex. Formaldehyde, sugars (carbohydrate), nucleotide bases It is polar and reactive	2
7488844721	Carboxyl	COOH, composed of hydroxyl & carbonyl ex. Carboxylic acid, acetic acid (vinegar), amino acid (protein) It is polar, makes things sour, and is very acidic	3
7488844722	Amino	NH2 ex. Amino acid (proteins), methylamine, dopamine It is in nucleotides (DNA & RNA) and it is basic	4
7488844723	Phosphate	PO4 ex. ATP (energy currency of cells), phospholipids, nucleic acids (DNA & RNA), proteins It is polar and ionized (usually) and very reactive	5
7488844724	Functional groups	Collections of atoms that participate in chemical reactions, they give the organic compound its chemical properties	6
7488844725	Isomers	Organic compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and therefore different properties	7
7488844726	Hydrocarbon	A chemical compound composed only of the elements carbon and hyrdrogen	8
7488844727	Carbon skeleton	The chain of carbon atoms that form the structural backbone of an organic molecule. Monosaccharides function as carbon skeletons, ex. glucose	9
7488844728	Macromolecules	A giant molecule in a living organism: lipids, carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids	10
7488844729	Carbohydrate		11
7488844730	Protein		12
7488844731	Monosaccharides		13
7488844732	Disaccharide		14
7488844733	Polysaccharide		15
7488844734	Monomer		16
7488844735	Starch		17
7488844736	Glycogen		18
7488844737	Cellulose		19
7488844738	Chitin		20
7488844739	Lipid		21
7488844740	Polymer		22
7488844741	Hydrophobis		23
7488844742	Hydrophillic		24
7488844743	Triglyceride		25
7488844744	Unsaturated fatty acid		26
7488844745	Saturated fatty acid		27
7488844746	Dehydration reaction		28
7488844747	Hydrolysis reaction		29
7488844748	Wax		30
7488844749	Phospholipid		31
7488844750	Steroids		32
7488844751	Cholesterol		33
7488844752	Amino acid		34
7488844753	Peptide bond		35
7488844754	Polpeptide		36
7488844755	Denaturation		37
7488844756	Nucleic acid		38
7488844757	DNA		39
7488844758	RNA		40
7488844759	Nucleotide		41
7488844760	Nitrogenous base		42
7488844761	Double helix		43
7488844762	Substrate		44
7488844763	Active site		45
7488844764	Noncompetitive inhibitor		46
7488844765	Competitive inhibitor		47
7488844766	Feedback inhibition		48
7488844767	Peptide		49
7488844768	ATP		50
7488844769	Enzymatic proteins	Enzymes; a protein that accelerates the chemical conversion of chemical reactions Ex. digestive enzymes	51
7488844770	Structural proteins	Repair and support muscles Ex. collagen (gives bones strength and flexibility), keratin	52
7488844771	Defense proteins	Anitbodies that protect by fighting diseases that cause bacteria Ex. thrombin	53
7488844772	Transport proteins	Are found in cell membrane and they transport other substances, Ex. hemoglobin (carries oxygen from lungs to tissues)	54
7488844773	Contractile proteins	A protein in muscle cells and joints that enables them to move Ex. actin (in muscles to allow them to move)	55
7488844774	Storage proteins	Proteins in that provide food and store amino acids Ex. ovalbumin (found in egg white)	56
7488844775	Signal proteins	Found in cell membrane and they respond to chemical stimuli Ex. insulin (signals cells to take in and use sugar)	57