Biochemistry Flashcards
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| 7579387934 | macromolecules | polymers built from monomers -smaller pieces added together, can exist alone | 0 | |
| 7579390361 | dehydration reaction | remove water, builds macromolecules ex. muscle--> amino acids form together |  | 1 |
| 7579403540 | hydrolysis | add water, breaks down macromolecules -slow process ex. digestion system (starts with chewing) |  | 2 |
| 7579410441 | carbohydrates | monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides -energy, storage, support molecules -CHO (1:2:1) at monomer level |  | 3 |
| 7579434344 | monosaccharides | 1 ring, simple sugar -fast energy ex. glucose, fructose, galactose (C6H12O6) |  | 4 |
| 7579445321 | disaccharides | 2 rings, simple sugars -linkage between two sugars ex. sucrose (glucose+fructose) lactose (glucose+ galactose) maltose (glucose + glucose) |  | 5 |
| 7579459036 | polysaccharides | many rings, complex sugars -starch (digestable) -cellulose (fiber, non-digestable) -STORAGE- starch (plants) glycogen (human liver and muscle) -STRUCTURAL- cellulose (plant cell wall) chitin (fungi cell wall, exoskeleton) | 6 | |
| 7579522169 | lipids | fats, phospholipids and steroids -store energy, protection, hydrophobic, cell membrane -CHO sometime P | 7 | |
| 7579528122 | fats | -store energy, macromolecules -anchor + hydrocarbon chains = non polar saturated fats--> max # of H's, no double bonds, unhealthy (no bend in chain) unsaturated fats--> 1 or more double bond, kink in chain |  | 8 |
| 7579553750 | phospholipid | make up cell membrane -Hydrophilic head (phosphate, glycerol) hydrophobic chain (unsaturated and saturated fat) | 9 | |
| 7580630541 | steroids | lipids w 4 fused rings -cholesterol--> in cell membrane as temp buffer. precursor to testosterone and estrogen |  | 10 |
| 7580686510 | nucleic acids | store and transmit genetic info -DNA & RNA -CHONP -phosphate, sugar and nitrogenous base--> NUCLEOTIDE |  | 11 |
| 7580769850 | nitrogenous base | 5 types Pyrimidines: 1 ring- Cytosine (C) thymine (T, in DNA) Uracil (U, RNA) Purines: 2 rings- Adenine (A) Guanine (G) |  | 12 |
| 7580815238 | Proteins | enzymes(speed up chemical reactions), storage, transport, receptor, structural, motor -CHON some S -Monomer: chains of amino acids (20 diff) | 13 | |
| 7580850635 | Amino Acid structure | amino group, side chain (changes, cannot have P), carboxyl group |  | 14 |
| 7580937597 | Levels of protein structure | primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary | 15 | |
| 7580940849 | primary level | chain of amino acids |  | 16 |
| 7580947526 | secondary levels | chain coils and folds due to hydrogen bondings |  | 17 |
| 7580959872 | tertiary level | forms a 3D shape due to R group interactions --> function protein |  | 18 |
| 7580971917 | quaternary | 2 or more tertiary level proteins working together ex. collagen |  | 19 |
| 7580982894 | denaturing proteins | change the shape so it no longer works -high heat, PH change (acidic) | 20 |