Biochemistry Flashcards

5524678447	Atom	basic building block of matter	0
5524678448	Ion	an atom with an excess charge; Na+, Cl-	1
5524678449	Isotope	atoms that differ only by the number of neutrons; C13, C14 (radioactive-carbon dating)	2
5524678450	Compound	two or more different kinds of atoms or elements combined; H2O, CO2	3
5524678451	Carbohydrate	organic compound that contains CHO with hydrogen and oxygen in a 2:1 ratio; ring shaped; made of sugars, provides energy	4
5524678452	Monosaccharide	one sugar molecule; ex. glucose	5
5524678453	Disaccharide	two sugar molecules joined together; ex. maltose, lactose	6
5524678454	Amino acid	building blocks of proteins	7
5524678455	Dipeptide	formed by joining two amino acids	8
5524678456	Polypeptide	a chain of multiple amino acids joined together	9
5524678457	Protein	organic compound that contains C,H,O,N; made of amino acids, cell repair and growth	10
5524678458	Covalent bond	chemical bond formed by sharing electrons; ex. H2O, CO2	11
5524678459	Organic	any substance that contains the elements Carbon and Hydrogen together	12
5524678460	Inorganic	any substance that does NOT contain Carbon and Hydrogen together, ex. H2O, CO2	13
5524678461	Acid	a compound that produces excess Hydrogen ions (H+) in solution; pH less than 7	14
5524678462	Base	a compound that produces excess hydroxide ions (OH-) in solution; pH greater than 7	15
5524678463	Neutral	a molecule that contains no electrical charge or has equal H+ and OH- ions; pH 7	16
5524678464	pH scale	a unit of measure that determines the acidity of a solution	17
5524678465	Lipid	organic compound that contains C,H,O; made of 3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol, stores energy, protects organs	18
5524678466	Hydrolysis	breaking down large molecules by adding water	19
5524678467	Dehydration Synthesis	building large molecules by taking out water	20
5524678468	Catalyst	gets a chemical reaction started; ex. fire	21
5524678469	Enzyme	organic catalyst made out of protein; needed for all chemical reactions in an organism	22
5524678470	Product	created as a result of a chemical reaction	23
5524678471	Reactants (Raw Materials)	materials that are needed for or used in a chemical reaction	24
5524678472	Molecule	smallest amount of an element or compound capable of independent motion (ex. H2O, O2, H2)	25
5524678473	Chromatography	a technique used to separate molecules such as plant pigments based on their chemical properties	26
5524678474	Photosynthesis	capturing light energy to make food (glucose) from CO2 and H2O; occurs in chloroplasts	27
5524678475	Cellular respiration	releasing the energy in chemical bonds to generate ATP; occurs in mitochondria	28
5524678476	ATP	source of energy used by all cells	29
5524678477	Glucose	simple sugar used in cellular respiration	30