Biochemistry Review Flashcards

5105157464	polymer	A large molecule composed of repeating structural units or monomers.	0
5105157465	monomer	A molecule of any compound that can react with other molecules of the same or different compound to form a polymer.	1
5105157466	carbohydrate	"Compound containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in the approximate ratio of C:2H:O (e.g., sugars, starches, and cellulose)"	2
5105157467	protein	Class of nutrients made up of amino acids. They are needed to build and repair body structures, and to regulate processes in the body	3
5105157468	lipid	Organic molecules made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen and store food energy until needed (Fats)	4
5105157469	nucleic acid	A biological macromolecule (DNA or RNA) composed of the elements C, H, N, O, and P that carries genetic information.	5
5105157470	amino acid	Building blocks of protein	6
5105157471	monosaccharide	A simple sugar that is the basic subunit of a carbohydrate	7
5105157472	nucleotide	Monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base	8
5105157473	fatty acid	Building Blocks of Lipids	9
5105157474	macromolecule	A very large molecule (as of a protein, nucleic acid, or carbohydrate) built up from smaller chemical structures	10
5105157475	dehydration synthesis	A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule.	11
5105157476	hydrolysis	Breaking down complex molecules (polymers) by the chemical addition of water. Used in digestion.	12
5105157477	polysaccharide	a carbohydrate that is composed of many monosaccharide units joined together	13
5105157478	glucose	A simple sugar that is an important source of energy.	14
5105157479	-ose	What is the common ending of the name of most simple sugars?	15
5105157483	Amino group	A functional group that consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms	16
5105157485	Condensation reaction	A reaction in which two molecules become covalently bonded to each other through the loss of a small molecule, usually water; also called dehydration reaction.	17
5105157488	Triglyceride	Circulate in the blood and are made up of three fatty acids attached to a glycerol.	18
5105157489	Glucose	A simple sugar that is an important source of energy.	19
5105157490	Glycerol	A three-carbon alcohol to which fatty acids are covalently bonded to make fats and oils.	20
5105157492	disaccharide	A molecule composed of two monosaccharides. Common disaccharides include maltose, sucrose, and lactose.	21
5105157493	polysaccharide	A polymer of thousands of simple sugars formed by dehydration synthesis. a carbohydrate that is composed of many monosaccharide units joined together	22
5105157494	monosaccharide	A simple sugar that is the basic subunit of a carbohydrate	23
5105157495	polypeptide	A polymer (chain) of many amino acids linked together by peptide bonds.	24
5105157497	denature	A change in the shape of a protein (such as an enzyme) that can be caused by changes in temperature or pH (among other things).	25
5105157498	saturated fatty acid	A fatty acid with a carbon chain full of hydrogen atoms, meaning no carbon-carbon double bonds; usually from animal sources and solid at room temperature.	26
5105157499	unsaturated fatty acid	A fatty acid with a carbon chain that includes one or more carbon-carbon double bonds; usually from plant sources and liquid at room temperature. Monounsaturated fatty acids have one carbon-carbon double bond and polyunsaturated fatty acids have two or more double bonds.	27
5105273715	Cohesion	The force of attraction between molecules of the same substance. Water sticks to water.	28
5105273716	Adhesion	The force of attraction between different substances, such as glass and water.	29
5105275690	Universal Solvent	Water's ability to dissovle more substances than any other liquid.	30
5105275691	Ice is less dense	Ice is less dense than water because the orientation of hydrogen bonds causes molecules to push farther apart, which lowers the density	31
5105278168	High Specific Heat	Water requires a lot of energy to change the temperature one degree celcius. This allows large bodies of water to regulate the temperature near by.	32
5105278169	Evaporative Cooling	Water evaoprates from a liquid to a gas, releasing heat from the surface thus allowing it to cool.	33
5105279622	Ionic Bond	Electrons between two elements are given/taken. (aka stolen)	34
5105279623	Covalent Bond	Electrons between two elements are shared.	35
5105281072	Nonpolar Covalent Bond	Electrons are shared equally, no charge.	36
5105281073	Polar Covalent Bond	Electrons are shared unequally, charge.	37
5105282721	Hydrogen Bond	A weak bond between two molecules resulting from an electrostatic attraction between a proton in one molecule and an electronegative atom in the other.	38
5105283974	Atomic Mass	The number of protons and nuetrons of an element.	39
5105285857	Atomic Number	The number of protons and electrons of an element.	40