Biochemistry Flashcards

7169189454	Protein Structure	Proteins are formed by polypeptides. Polypeptides are formed by linked amino acids	0
7169193343	Amino Acids	The building blocks of proteins. They can be characterized by their reactivity to of their R group as nonploar, polar, acidic, basic, and aromatic.	1
7169197374	Phe	UUU and UUC	2
7169198714	Lue	UUA, UUG, CUU, CUC, CUA, and CUG	3
7169199839	Ser	UCU, UCC, UCA, and UCG;AGU and AGC	4
7169200842	Tyr	UAU and UAC	5
7169201235	Stop	UAA, UAG, UGA	6
7169201748	Cys	UGU and UGC	7
7169202291	Trp	UGG	8
7169202582	Pro	CCU, CCC, CCA, and CCG	9
7169207963	His	CAU and CAC	10
7169208494	Gln	CAA and CAG	11
7169208849	Arg	CGU, CGC, CGA, and CGG; AGA and AGG	12
7169209676	Ile	AUU, AUC, and AUA	13
7169211154	Met	AUG	14
7169211478	Thr	ACU, ACC, ACA, and ACG	15
7169212296	Asn	AAU and AAC	16
7169213031	Lys	AAA and AAG	17
7169213562	Val	GUU, GUA, GUA, and GUG	18
7169220862	Ala	GCU, GUC, GUA, and GUG	19
7169222698	Asp	GAU and GAC	20
7169224282	Glu	GAA and GAG	21
7169224498	Gly	GGU, GGC, GGA, and GGG	22
7169228663	Primary protein structure	sequence of a chain of amino acids	23
7169229909	Secondary protein structure	Hydrogen bonding of the polypeptide back bone causes the amino acids to fold into repeating patterns	24
7169235496	Tertiary protein structure	Thre dimensional folding pattern of a protein due to side chain interactions	25
7169237120	Quaternary protein structure	protein consisting of more than one amino acid chain	26
7169244780	Non Enzymatic Protein Function	They function as antibodies, apart of the adaptive immune response; they can also be cell surface receptors	27
7169257793	Enzymes	Protein folded into a specific 3-Dimensional shape to act as a catalysts	28
7169259521	Active Sites	Area in the protein that performs catalysis with the reaction's substrates	29
7169264196	Catalysis	A biochemical reaction facilitated by an enzyme for conversion of reactants into products	30
7169265871	Catalysts	A material that increases the rate of a reaction by lowering the activation energy	31
7169271211	Active Site Model (Lock and Key)	A theory suggesting the enzymes and substates are a perfect fit for each other.	32
7169273976	Induced Fit Model	The substrate and the binding site differ slightly and binding induces conformational change	33
7169278803	Feedback Inhibition	When an intermidiate or end product inhibits one of the other enzymes that proceed it. This prevents wastful over production of the product.	34
7169282917	Covalent Modification	Addition or removal of different groups in order to active or inactivate an enzyme	35
7169285103	Proteolytic Cleavage	This is for enzymes such as zymogen which are synthesized in an inactive state and must be cleaved into activation by a protease	36
7169298772	Constitutive	The enzyme subunit is removed	37
7169301242	Allosteric Regulation	Modification of the active-site activity by interaction of molecules with other specific sites	38
7169303602	Allosteric Sites	Where the interaction with other molecules takes place	39
7169305329	Competitive	Inhibitors can compete for the binding site and out compete the substrate if the concentration is high enough	40
7169310972	Noncompetitive Inhibitors	Binds at the allosteric sit, not the active site, and it won't budge even if the substrate is in high concentration	41
7169314633	Uncompetitive Inhibitors	Can only bind to the enzyme-substrate complex	42
7169316432	Mixed-type inhibitors	Can bind to the unoccupied enzyme or the enzyme-substrate complex	43
7169322085	Michaelis-Menten	Rate of metabolism of a drug at or near saturation	44
7169323167	Cooperactivity	The binding of one subunit to an enzyme allosterically increases the affinity for the next subunits or substrate, leading to a sigmoidal kinetic graph	45
7169340461	Bioenergentics	The production and utilization of energy in a biological system that all boils down to reduction and oxidation reaction	46
7169344090	Monosaccharide	A single carbohydrate molecule. The carbons in monosaccharides are numbered from the carbon at the most oxidized end of the molecule. They can exist as a chain or a ring	47
7169358782	Disaccharide	Two disaccharides bind together though a dehydration reaction called glycosidic linkage	48
7169365331	Oligosaccharide, Polysaccharides	multiple disaccharides conected through glycosidic bonds	49
7196091838	Glycolysis	Occurs in the cell cytoplasm converting 1 Glucose into 26-28 ATP	50
7196103841	Fermentation	The process of converting pyruvate into either ethanol or lactose	51
7198933470	Glycogenolysis	The break down of glucose polymer, glycogen, this is done so individual glucose ,molecules can be used for cellular respiration	52
7198947919	Gluconeogenesis	The synthesis of glucose when the molecule diet wise is unavailable	53
7198984596	Pentose Phosate	Takes glucose-6-phosphate from glycolysis in order to mak ribose-5-phosphate. This compound is used to synthesis nucleotides	54
7199014139	Citric Acid Cycle (Kreb's Cycle)	A collection of reactions that takes the 2 carbon acetyl unit from CoA, combines it with oxaloacetate, and release 2 CO2, generating 2 NADH and FADH2.	55
7199044968	Oxidative Phosphorylation	Oxidation of high-energy electron carriers NADH and FADH2	56