Biochemistry Flashcards

6460542989	Cohesion	Water molecules attract to each other	0
6460544499	Adhesion	Water molecule attracts other polar molecules	1
6460548337	Atoms that constitute organic molecules	CHONPS	2
6460554377	Hydrocarbons	Ethane (2 C's), Propane (3 C's), and Butane (4 C's)	3
6460556958	Isomers	Same number of atoms, but different structures	4
6460561157	Cis Isomer	Creates a flat mountain shape	5
6460561158	Trans Isomer	Creates a zig-zag shape	6
6460573054	Enantiomers	Isomers that are mirrors of each other	7
6460577930	Functional Groups	Hydroxyl groups, Carbonyl groups, Carboxylic groups, Amino groups, Sulfhydryl groups, Phosphate groups.	8
6460593129	Hydroxyl group	Alcohols: -OH or -HO	9
6460596536	Carbonyl group	Ketone: =O in the middle Aldehyde: =O at the end	10
6460615943	Carboxylic group	Carboxylic acid (gives away H+, is acidic, has a negative charge, is polar): =O and -OH	11
6460623125	Amino group	Amine (is basic, has a positive charge, is polar): -NH2	12
6460633436	Sulfhydryl group	Thiol: -SH	13
6460638520	Phosphate group	Organic Phosphate (has negative charge)	14
6460654531	Dehydration Synthesis	Removes H20 to make macromolecule more complex (anabolic)/ to build	15
6460661994	Hydrolysis	Adds H20 to reduce complexity (catabolic)/ to break things down	16
6461278693	Macromolecules	Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids.	17
6460665764	Proteins	Made up of C, H, O, and a little S. Proteins are polymers of amino acid monomers joined by peptide bonds. Ex: enzymes, antibodies, hemoglobin	18
6461306340	Hemoglobin	An oxygen-transport protein in red blood cells	19
6460826897	Enzymes	A type of protein that acts a biological catalyst (speeds up process by lowering activation energy). Substrate fits into the enzyme's active site.	20
6460842853	Competitive Inhibitor	Acts as a fake substrate to the block active site of an enzyme	21
6460846574	Noncompetitive Inhibitor	Attaches to the allo-steric site and changes the shape of the active site of an enzyme to render it useless.	22
6460677545	Primary Structure for Proteins	The long chain of amino acids	23
6460677546	Secondary Structure for Proteins	Alpha Helix Beta Plated Sheets	24
6460679760	Tertiary Structure for Proteins	The 3D shape of the chain, held by R group attractions	25
6460697060	Quartenary Structure for Proteins	The 3D shape made of more than one polypeptide chain, held by R group attractions	26
6460702015	Nucleic Acids	Made up of C, H, O, N, and P. There are two types: DNA and RNA. Nucleic Acids are polymers of nucleotides (phosphate + pentose sugar + nitrogenous base [ex: ATP])	27
6460717334	Carbohydrates	Made up of C, 2H, O (C + H20). These polymers made of monosaccharides (glucose, fructose, galactose, ribose) are sugars and starches used for short term energy since there are less bonds=less energy.	28
6460745084	Lipids	Made up of C, H, and some O. They are nonpolar fats, oils, and waxes used for longer term energy.	29
6460754912	Saturated Fats	Are solid at room temperature and can be compact	30
6460754913	Unsaturated Fats	Are liquid at room temperature. There is 1+ cis isomers/double bonds that takes up space=can't be compact.	31
6460774053	Triglycerides	A type of lipid that consist of one glycerol and 3 fatty acids	32
6461273132	Glycerol	An alcohol with 3 carbons	33
6460780265	Phospholipids	A type of lipid that makes molecules both nonpolar and polar [Ex: cell membranes]. They consist of one glycerol, 2 fatty acids, and a polar head group with phosphate	34
6460807658	Steroids	A type of lipid that includes hormones, cholesterol, and vitamins. It consists of 4 carbon rings with no fatty acid tails	35