Biochemistry Flashcards

8432651718	Atom	The building blocks of life, the smallest possible unit of mass	0
8432651719	Element	Any substance that consists of only 1 type of atom	1
8432651720	Compound	Two or more types of elements combined in a definite ratio/pattern	2
8432651721	Protons	Positively charged particles found in the nucleus of an atom.	3
8432651722	Neutrons	Particles found in the nucleus of a atom with no/neutral charge	4
8432651723	Electrons	Negatively charged particles found outside the nucleus in a atom	5
8432651724	Covalent bond	Formed when atoms share electrons	6
8432651725	Electronegativity	Creates a charge across a molecule when electrons spend more time with one atom	7
8432651726	Nonpolar	Molecules where atoms share electrons equally and have no charge (a type of covalent bond)	8
8432651727	Polar	Molecule when atoms don't share electrons equally creating a charge across the molecule (a type of covalent bond) (found in a water molecule)	9
8432651728	Hydrogen bond	Weak attraction between the positive side of one polar molecule and the negative side on another (links water molecules together)	10
8432651729	Cohesion	The tendency of the same type of molecule to stick together (creates surface tension in water)	11
8432651730	Adhesion	The tendency of different molecules to stick together (allow water to cling to a blade of grass)	12
8432651731	High Heat Capacity	water has the ability to absorb large amounts of heat before it changes temperature	13
8432651732	Monomer	Single unit building block	14
8432651733	Polymer	Large molecules made by joining monomers	15
8432651734	Macromolecule	Large polymer made of many monomers	16
8432651735	Organic Compound	Molecules that make up living things, contain carbon and hydrogen	17
8432651736	Inorganic Compound	Do not contain carbon and hydrogen, still found in living things	18
8432651737	Carbon	Element the forms the basis of all organic compounds, can form 4 bonds, creating molecules of various shapes	19
8432651738	Polymerization	when monomers link together to form polymers, water is removed/created, same as dehydration synthesis	20
8432651739	Hydrolysis	water is added to break polymers into monomers	21
8432651740	Carbohydrates	Organic compounds commonly called sugars, used for energy	22
8432651741	Monosaccharide	Carbohydrate monomer, simple sugars	23
8432651742	Polysaccharide	Carbohydrate polymer	24
8432651743	Lipids	Macromolecules that don't mix well with water and contain no monomers. Used for long term energy storage	25
8432651744	Unsaturated fatty acids	Component of fats, contain double-bonded carbons that create a bend, liquid at room temperature	26
8432651745	Saturated fatty acids	Component of fats, long, straight chains of sinlge-bonded carbons, solid at room temperature	27
8432651746	Protein	Polymer made of long chains of amino acids, responsible for most aspects of life	28
8432651747	Amino acids	Monomers of proteins	29
8432651748	Polypeptide	Long chains of amino acids	30
8432651749	Denaturation	Change in the shape of a protein due to a change in the environment, stops the proteins functions	31
8432651750	Peptide bond	Covalent bond that links amino acids	32
8432651751	Nucleic acid	Organic compound made of nucleotides, includes DNA & RNA	33
8432651752	Nucleotide	Monomer of nucleic acids	34
8432651753	Reactant	Substance(s) in a reaction undergoing a change (what goes in)	35
8432651754	Product	Substance(s) formed during a reaction (what comes out)	36
8432651755	Activation Energy	Amount of energy required to break chemical bonds and start a reaction	37
8432651756	Enzyme	Proteins that speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy	38
8432651757	Catalyst	Substances that cause reactions, but aren't changed by them	39
8432651758	Substrate	The substance an enzyme acts on	40
8432651759	Active site	Region of the enzyme where the substrate attaches	41