Biochemistry Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images [1]
| 5464564815 | Carbohydrate | -main source of energy -structural support in plants and some animals, instant energy, exoskeleton -composed of C, H, O in 1:2:1 ratio -monomer= monosaccharides -double sugars= disaccharides -polymer= polysaccharides RINGS | 0 | |
| 5464780864 | Lipids | -fats oils and waxes -do not dissolve in water -mostly C H and a few O -functions= energy storage, waterproofing, structure, hormones, cushions organs, insulation -LINEAR monomer= glycerol polymer=triglyceride = 3 fatty acids and a glycerol | 1 | |
| 5464827797 | Nucleic Acid | -store and transmit genetic material -composed of p o n c h -two types- dna and rna | 2 | |
| 5470821201 | Protein | -composed of c n h o (S) -monomer= amino acid -polymer= polypeptide/ protein -function= enzymes, structure, communication/ transportation, defense, movement | 3 | |
| 5464564812 | Adhesion | -water molecule attracted to another substance - responsible for capillary action that allows trees to take up ground water from their roots | 4 | |
| 5464564813 | Amino Acid | -monomer of proteins |  | 5 |
| 5464564814 | Amino Group | A functional group that consists of a nitrogen atom bonded to two hydrogen atoms | | 6 |
| 5464564816 | Cohesion | -water molecule attracted to water molecule -responsible for surface tension that gives many organisms a habitat to live | 7 | |
| 5464631757 | Capillary Action | A process powered by adhesion that causes water molecules to move upward through a narrow tube such as the stem of a plant. | 8 | |
| 5464631758 | Dehydration Synthesis | A type of chemical reaction in which the molecules of substances bond together to form more complex substances- water is released -2 molecules covalently bond by removing a water molecule -one molecule loses a -oh and the other loses a -h | 9 | |
| 5471251111 | Disaccharide | -2 rings, double sugar molecule -lactose, sucrose | 10 | |
| 5464696918 | DNA | -Deoxyribonucleic acid -store and transmit genetic materials -double stranded -has thymine -one less oxygen than ribose | 11 | |
| 5464696919 | Fatty Acid | -type of lipid -do not dissolve in water - mostly C H and a few O -saturated vs unsaturated | 12 | |
| 5464736061 | Glycerol | -monomer of lipid -3 carbon -triglyceride= 3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol |  | 13 |
| 5464736062 | Hydrogen Bond | -strongest of the intermolecular forces -when h atom bonds to a highly electronegative atom (like o and n) exists in the vicinity oof another highly electronegative atom with a lone pair of electrons - big role in living organism s -h bonds to O N or F | 14 | |
| 5464753110 | Hydrolysis | -the breaking down of large molecules into smaller molecules -water is added to form the molecules and disrupt the bond linking the monomers together | 15 | |
| 5464780863 | Indicators | Lugols- turns starch black Benedicts- turns monosaccharide (carbs) orange Biuret- turns protein lavender | 16 | |
| 5464780865 | Macromolecules | - biomolecules are examples of macromolecules - giant molecules in living things that are made from 1000's of smaller molecules -all macromolecules are made by the process of polymerization= making large molecules from smaller molecules | 17 | |
| 5464812863 | Monomer | A simple compound whose molecules can join together to form polymers | 18 | |
| 5464812864 | Monosaccharide | -monomer of carbohydrates -glucose, fructose, galactose -different shape gives each of these sugars different tastes | 19 | |
| 5464827796 | Nucleotide | -monomer of nuclei acids - made of nitrogenous base, 5 carbon sugars, phosphate group |  | 20 |
| 5470238412 | Peptide Bond | -amino acids are held together by peptide bonds n-c-c | 21 | |
| 5470281414 | Phosphate Group | -type of functional group -OPO3 -molecule in the backbone of DNA and RNA that links adjoining bases |  | 22 |
| 5470449744 | Phospholipids | -building blocks of a cellular membrane -they have a polar head that is hydrophilic (water loving) and a non polar tail that is hydrophobic (water fearing) | 23 | |
| 5470641157 | Polymer | A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together. | 24 | |
| 5470670328 | Polymerization | -a chemical process that makes large molecule from smaller molecules -occurs through dehydration synthesis depolymerization= biomolecules broken down, occurs through hydrolisis | 25 | |
| 5470814188 | Polysacchride | -polymer of carbs -examples= starch, cellulose, glycogen, chitin | 26 | |
| 5470834567 | RNA | -ribonucleic acid -has sugar ribose -single stranded -one more oxygen than dna -has uracil instead of thymine | 27 | |
| 5470836221 | Saturated Fat | -fatty acids with only single covalent bonds between carbon atoms are saturated -straight long chain -animal fats, butter, lard - a lot of h -saturated fats are bad because they stack easily which clogs up blood vessels | 28 | |
| 5470836222 | Surface Tension | -cause of cohesion= water attracted to water -more tension = more difficult to break surface -provides habitat for many animals | 29 | |
| 5470837652 | Steroids | -type of lipid -carbon skeleton has four interconnected rings, different functional groups attached -derived from cholesterol - includes many hormones= sex hormones, gluocorticoids, mineralocorticoids | 30 | |
| 5470837653 | Transfat | -trans fats occur when h atoms are on opposite sides of the double bond, creating symmetry -as a result, fatty acid is linear, so it behaves like saturated fat |  | 31 |
| 5470838989 | Unsaturated Fat | -fatty acids that contain one or more double bond between two carbon atoms are unsaturated -good for you, dont stack | 32 | |
| 5489247475 | Hydroxyl Group | -OH | 33 | |
| 5489249584 | Carbonyl Group |  | 34 | |
| 5489255340 | Carboxyl Group |  | 35 |