Biochemistry Flashcards

7904792106	Atom	basic unit of matter, each element is defined by how many protons it has	0
7904804026	Nucleus	Center of the cell, contains the protons and neutrons	1
7904812750	Electrons	A negatively charged particle with a very small mass, constantly in motion and attracted to the nucleus	2
7904816806	Protons	Positively charged particles, inside the nucleus	3
7904819434	Neutrons	No charge (neutral), 1 mass unit	4
7904823993	Atomic mass	the # of protons + the # of electrons	5
7904833956	Only atom with 8 protons	Oxygen	6
7904840862	S.P.O.N.C.H.	Basis of all human life 98% of the human body	7
7904852490	Whats in S.P.O.N.C.H.	Sulfur, Phosphorous, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon, Hydrogen	8
7904873616	Carbon	Makes up all organic matter, basis of life, Can form strong covalent bonds with other elements, can make single/double/triple bonds, 4 electrons per bond	9
7904902304	Compounds	many atoms held together by chemical bonds	10
7904904981	Molecules	smallest unit of a compound	11
7926300192	Bond	attraction between positive and negative ions	12
7904909955	Ionic bonds	The attraction b/w a positive and negative ion	13
7904911470	Ion	an atom that has gained or lost an electron, lost= positive charge, gained= negative charge	14
7904921458	Covalent bond	Bond b/w two atoms, sharing of electrons, equal	15
7904932264	polar covalent bond	unequal sharing of electron in covalent bond	16
7904938442	Polar molecule	molecule in which charges are unevenly distributed, held together w/ a polar bond	17
7904942397	Van der Waals	Weak interaction, between temporarily opposite charged molecules	18
7904945295	Hydrogen bonds	weak attraction b/w a polar positive and polar positive atom (often b/w 2 molecules)	19
7904959726	Surface tension	tight hydrogen bonds b/w water molecules at the surface which resists forces from entering water due to cohesion	20
7904961754	Capillary action	the tendency of water to rise in a small area due to adhesion	21
7904965823	Cohesion	the attraction b/w molecules of the same substance	22
7904969858	Adhesion	attraction b/w molecules of different substances	23
7925808841	High specific heat/ heat capacity	water can absorb a lot of heat energy before it changes temperature	24
7925816340	Temperature moderation	When water absorbs hot & cold temperatures which keeps it the same temperature	25
7925776440	solvent	thing doing the dissolving	26
7925780627	solute	thing being dissolved	27
7925788180	Aqueous solution	solution where water was the solvent	28
7925721106	Macromolecules	large biological molecules, thousands of atoms, built from small units	29
7925753329	Monomers	single unit of a macromolecule, different R groups give different identities	30
7925760915	polymer	large molecules made of many monomers held together by covalent bonds	31
7904976148	Lipids	lack of monomer, non polar	32
7904990701	Triglyceride	Type of lipid, saturated and unsaturated fats/oils, long term energy storage	33
7922858354	Triglyceride structure	1 head group (hydrophilic and polar) , 3 fatty acid tails (hydrophobic and non polar)	34
7922647360	Unsaturated fats	solid form, double bond, bend	35
7922652707	Saturated fats	liquid form, single bond, straight	36
7922664457	Phospholipids	lipid, Makes up of plasma membrane cells,	37
7922891135	Phospholipid structure	1 head group (hydrophilic and polar) , 2 fatty acid tails (hydrophobic and non polar)	38
7922680130	Steroids	lipid, rings of carbon, nonpolar, used for signaling (estrogen/testosterone)	39
7922701927	Nucleic Acid	make up DNA & RNA (polymer), function is information storage & transfer	40
7922780181	Nucleic Acid Monomer	Nucleotide	41
7922784551	Nucleic Acid structure	base, phosphate group, sugar	42
7922820519	Proteins	Used for movement and muscles, stores long term energy	43
7923084361	Protein Monomer	20 Amino Acids	44
7925850608	Amino Acid structure	includes amine group (include N and two H groups going to left), central carbor (includes C in middle R off top and H on bottom), and carboxyl ( C with two links to O on top and OH on side), different R groups give different chemical identities	45
7925967678	1 degree protein structure	order of amino acids	46
7925975405	2 degree protein structure - Alpha Helix	string of amino acids, corkscrew shape	47
7925990313	2 degree protein structure - Beta Pleated Sheet	parallel strand making a plane/ sheet	48
7926001346	3 degree protein structure	3D folding of amino acid strands	49
7926005244	Denaturation	protein unfolds to 1 degree structure, loses function	50
7926012652	Renaturation	protein refolds to original structure	51
7923131663	Polypeptide chain	chain of Amino acids, 3D shape determines function	52
7923861151	Structural protein	Stable, stringy	53
7923865479	Functional proteins	fragile, folded	54
7923869188	Enzymes	Special type of protein that Lowers activation energy to set a specific chemical reaction into motion, name indicates function, each one has a specific substance, end in -ase, not affected by reaction	55
7926023318	active site	part of enzyme that binds and speeds reaction	56
7926030679	substrate	chemical that is going to be reacted in the enzyme	57
7924124819	Catalyst	something that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction	58
7924142647	Activation Energy	energy needed for reaction to occur	59
7924149843	Carbohydrates	Used for energy storage, raw materials, structural	60
7924152001	Carbohydrate monomer	simple sugar, ends in -ose	61
7924173418	monosaccharide	sugar	62
7924177484	disaccharide	2 monomers joined together by covalent bond	63
7924183615	Polysaccharide	many monomers joined by covalent bond, Storage: many glucose monomers linked together (plants=starch, animals=glycogen), Structure: cellulose in plants (fiber), chitin in insects & fungi	64
7924208557	glycogen	polysaccharide of many glucose monomers in animals (storage)	65
7924214805	starch	polysaccharide of many glucose monomers in plants (storage)	66