Biochemistry Flashcards

7918970557	elements	simplest form of a substance	0
7918972864	atom	actual basic unit	1
7918976328	atom is made out of...	proton, neutron, electron	2
7918982954	electrons _______ around the ______ and form the ______	revolve; nucleus; electron cloud	3
7918988048	isotopes	atoms of the same element that have a different number of nuetrons	4
7918991419	some isotopes are	radioactive	5
7918996864	compounds	a substance formed by the chemical combination of 2 or more elements	6
7919007669	the cell is a________ containing some of the same elements found in the nonliving environment	complex chemical factory	7
7919028232	two types of compounds	organic and inorganic	8
7919040070	two types of chemical bonds	ionic and covalent	9
7919046040	ionic bonds	1 or more electrons are transferred	10
7919052736	covalent bonds	electrons are shared	11
7919054906	mixture	composed of two or more elements or compounds that are physically mixed	12
7919061350	solute	dissolved part	13
7919061351	solvent	liquid part	14
7919063281	suspensions	materials that do not dissolve Ex. blood	15
7919067779	structural formula	line drawing of the compound	16
7919069829	molecular formula	actual formula for the compound	17
7919544231	acids	begin with H (hydrogen) and taste sour	18
7919544232	bases	end with (-OH) and taste bitter	19
7919550644	pH scale	measure degree of acidity	20
7919567215	living things use _______ as a key source of energy	carbohydrates	21
7919574104	monosaccharides (simple sugars)	all have the formula C6 H12 O6 all have a simple ring structure ex. glucose	22
7920396645	disaccharides (double sugars)	all have the formula C6 H22 O11 ex. sucrose	23
7924319147	polysaccharides	formed of three or more simple sugars	24
7924327171	dehydration synthesis	combining simple molecules to form a more complex one with the removal of water	25
7924336988	polysaccharides are formed from.....	repeated dehydration syntheses of water	26
7924342939	hydrolysis	addition of water to a compound to split it into smaller units	27
7924350386	lipid	(fats, oils, waxes, steroids) Chiefly function in energy storage, protection, and insulation Tend to be large molecules Key components of cell membranes	28
7924373856	______ have long chains of carbon	lipids	29
7924391189	protein	contain C, H, O, N made of amino acids Has a R group and a carboxyl group growth and repair, energy, and buffer	30
7924404457	R group	any group of atoms that change the property of the protein	31
7924414109	dipeptide	formed from two amino acid subunits formed by dehydration synthesis	32
7924421454	polypeptide	composed of three or more amino acids by synthesis reactions Ex, insulin	33
7924426015	nucleic acids	composed of nucleotides store and transmit genetic information	34
7924433170	3 parts of nucleotides	5-carbon sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous group	35
7924438300	DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)	contains genetic information	36
7924445440	RNA (ribonucleic acid)	directs cellular protein synthesis	37
7924450994	endothermic	taken in	38
7924453553	exothermic	given off	39
7924464709	factors influencing rate of enzyme action	pH, temperature, concentrations	40