Biochemistry Flashcards

8415676612	Atom	The building blocks of life, the smallest possible unit of mass	0
8415676613	Element	Any substance that consists of only 1 type of atom	1
8415676614	Compound	Two or more types of elements combined in a definite ratio/pattern	2
8415676615	Protons	Positively charged particles found in the nucleus of an atom.	3
8415676616	Neutrons	Particles found in the nucleus of a atom with no/neutral charge	4
8415676617	Electrons	Negatively charged particles found outside the nucleus in a atom	5
8415676618	Covalent bond	Formed when atoms share electrons	6
8415676619	Electronegativity	Creates a charge across a molecule when electrons spend more time with one atom	7
8415676620	Nonpolar	Molecules where atoms share electrons equally and have no charge (a type of covalent bond)	8
8415676621	Polar	Molecule when atoms don't share electrons equally creating a charge across the molecule (a type of covalent bond) (found in a water molecule)	9
8415676622	Hydrogen bond	Weak attraction between the positive side of one polar molecule and the negative side on another (links water molecules together)	10
8415676623	Cohesion	The tendency of the same type of molecule to stick together (creates surface tension in water)	11
8415676624	Adhesion	The tendency of different molecules to stick together (allow water to cling to a blade of grass)	12
8415676625	High Heat Capacity	water has the ability to absorb large amounts of heat before it changes temperature	13
8415676626	Monomer	Single unit building block	14
8415676627	Polymer	Large molecules made by joining monomers	15
8415676628	Macromolecule	Large polymer made of many monomers	16
8415676629	Organic Compound	Molecules that make up living things, contain carbon and hydrogen	17
8415676630	Inorganic Compound	Do not contain carbon and hydrogen, still found in living things	18
8415676631	Carbon	Element the forms the basis of all organic compounds, can form 4 bonds, creating molecules of various shapes	19
8415676632	Polymerization	when monomers link together to form polymers, water is removed/created, same as dehydration synthesis	20
8415676633	Hydrolysis	water is added to break polymers into monomers	21
8415676634	Carbohydrates	Organic compounds commonly called sugars, used for energy	22
8415676635	Monosaccharide	Carbohydrate monomer, simple sugars	23
8415676636	Polysaccharide	Carbohydrate polymer	24
8415676637	Lipids	Macromolecules that don't mix well with water and contain no monomers. Used for long term energy storage	25
8415676638	Unsaturated fatty acids	Component of fats, contain double-bonded carbons that create a bend, liquid at room temperature	26
8415676639	Saturated fatty acids	Component of fats, long, straight chains of sinlge-bonded carbons, solid at room temperature	27
8415676640	Protein	Polymer made of long chains of amino acids, responsible for most aspects of life	28
8415676641	Amino acids	Monomers of proteins	29
8415676642	Polypeptide	Long chains of amino acids	30
8415676643	Denaturation	Change in the shape of a protein due to a change in the environment, stops the proteins functions	31
8415676644	Peptide bond	Covalent bond that links amino acids	32
8415676645	Nucleic acid	Organic compound made of nucleotides, includes DNA & RNA	33
8415676646	Nucleotide	Monomer of nucleic acids	34
8415676647	Reactant	Substance(s) in a reaction undergoing a change (what goes in)	35
8415676648	Product	Substance(s) formed during a reaction (what comes out)	36
8415676649	Activation Energy	Amount of energy required to break chemical bonds and start a reaction	37
8415676650	Enzyme	Proteins that speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy	38
8415676651	Catalyst	Substances that cause reactions, but aren't changed by them	39
8415676652	Substrate	The substance an enzyme acts on	40
8415676653	Active site	Region of the enzyme where the substrate attaches	41