Lecture 1: Biochemistry Flashcards

5899369074	Name the 4 major classes of biomolecules	proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and lipids	0
5899379473	What is the purpose of the central dogma	to describe the basic principles of biological information transfer	1
5899396494	Proteins are polymers made from ________ monomers	amino acid	2
5899401603	What determines the function of a protein	the shape and content of amino acids	3
5899410817	Name the 5 functions of a protein and give an example	1) signal molecule: hormone-insulin 2) receptors for molecules - hemoglobin 3) biological catalysts - enzymes 4) structural building blocks - keratin in hair and nails 5) motors - myosin in muscle	4
5899439076	What are the monomers of carbohydrates	monosaccharides such as glucose, fructose, and galactose	5
5899458049	What are the 4 major functions of a carbohydrate	1) fuel - create ATP from glucose 2) store energy - glycogen made up of glucose 3) signal molecule 4) recognition of other cells bc of carbs on cell membranes	6
5899482908	What are the monomers of nucleic acids	nucleotide	7
5899486910	What are the components of a nucleotide	phosphate group, pentose sugar, and nitrogenous base	8
5899495304	What are the components of an amino acid	amino group, central carbon w/a H and a Rgroup, and carboxyl group	9
5899506963	Name 3 major nucleic acids	DNA, RNA, and ATP	10
5899694910	Name the 4 functions of nucleic acids	1) store and transmit genetic information 2) structural 3) signaling 4) energy currency - ATP	11
5899730386	Which nucleic acid forms a double helix	DNA	12
5899733046	Which nucleic acid forms a single strand normally but maybe double stranded and form complex structures	RNA	13
5899740004	What are the components of a DNA molecule - be specific	phosphate group deoxyribose sugar nitrogenous bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, or thymine	14
5899787892	What are the components of a RNA molecule - be specific	phosphate group ribose sugar nitrogenous bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, or uracil	15
5899808040	What specifies the information content in a nucleic acid	the arrangement of nucleotides	16
5899813212	What is the function of the central dogma	describes the flow of genetic information	17
5899817643	Define genome	complete set of genetic information i.e. contains blueprints of an organisms in the form of genes that encode proteins	18
5899828304	Define replication	process of making DNA from DNA	19
5899831055	Define transcription	process of making RNA from DNA	20
5899835761	Define translation	process of making proteins from RNA	21
5899843222	Describe the flow of genetic information from DNA to Proteins	DNA is TRANSCRIBED into RNA which is TRANSLATED into a protein	22
5899853698	Which enzyme catalyzes DNA replication	DNA polymerase by joining 2' deoxy nucleotides	23
5899876429	Which enzyme catalyzes transcription	Since transcription is making RNA the enzyme is RNA polymerase	24
5900046801	How many different types of RNA are there	Each cell in an organism expresses specific types of RNA	25
5900299441	Name 3 major functions of a lipid	1) creates membrane: bi-phosphate layer 2) store energy as fuel: in hydrocarbon chains 3) Signals: lipid derivatives are used as cells to transmit signals	26