Biochemistry Flashcards

7950975783	energy	-the ability to do work -unit= calories and joules	0
7950978462	matter	-anything that takes up space and has mass -unit= g	1
7950986485	element	-basic form of matter -1-92 -hydrogen - uranium	2
7950996839	atom	smallest possible unit of an element	3
7951000103	compound	2 or more elements that are chemically combined (bonded) in a specific ratio ex. H20, CO2, C6H12O2	4
7951019825	molecule	atoms (2 or more) of the same element ex. H2, graphite	5
7951026656	mixture	2 or more substances physically combined, can be separated	6
7951031813	atomic number	number of protons	7
7951042421	atomic mass	mass of protons + neutrons	8
7951056585	Pb	lead	9
7951056586	Na	sodium	10
7951059541	Hg	mercury	11
7951072292	isotope	-differs in number of neutrons, naturally occur -some are radioactive	12
7951079091	electron charge	negative	13
7951079092	proton charge	positive	14
7951081640	neutron charge	neutral (no charge)	15
7951083973	ion	atoms that are charged + or -	16
7951101268	bonding	when elements chemically combine by sharing electrons	17
7951164514	covalent bonding	equal sharing of electrons ex. glucose	18
7951168297	ionic bonding	transfer of electrons (uneven) ex. NaCl	19
7951173931	molecular/chemical formula	shows number and kind of elements ex. h2o, co2	20
7951229447	structural formula of water	number, kind, and arrangement (3D)	21
7951249520	boiling point	liquid turns to gas (100* C for water)	22
7951253247	freezing point	liquid to solid (0* C)	23
7951277253	frozen water	least dense (ice floats)	24
7951281242	solvent	liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances	25
7951283574	solute	dissolved into solvent	26
7951286349	solution	a mixture that forms when one substance dissolves another	27
7951289677	adhesion	stick to glass or other surface	28
7951294601	cohesion	stick together	29
7951304322	why does water have special properties?	water is a polar molecule, it has 4 charges (2 negatives, 2 positives), therefore it can stick to 4 other molecules	30
7951334885	pH	-water is 7, neutral -base= higher than 7 (7-14), extra OH's -acid= less than 7 (1-7), extra H's	31
7951345214	water	-universal solvent -lipids can't dissolve	32
7951365649	organic	must have carbon and hydrogen	33
7951367633	inorganic	-co/co2, h2o, NaCL, KCL are not organic because they don't have carbon and hydrogen -salts, minerals, water	34
7951400226	4 classes of organic compounds (carbon based)	-carbohydrates -proteins -nucleic acids -lipids	35
7951407864	carbohydrates structure	carbon, hydrogen, oxygen	36
7951422763	glucose	-simplest carbohydrate -c6h12o6 -1:2:1 ratio of carbon:hydrogen:oxygen -1:1 ratio of carbon:water -monosaccharide -DDUD	37
7951510016	monosaccharides	1 sugar ex. glucose, fructose, galactose	38
7951554282	isomer	different shape/structure, same molecular formula	39
7951648912	dehydration synthesis	reaction makes 1 bond, 1 water -for each bond formed, 1 water is released -number of molecules joined - 1 = number of waters	40
7951670874	chemical equation of dehydration synthesis	c6h12o6 + c6h12o6 --> c12h22o11 + h20	41
7951705651	hydrolysis	break down bonds by adding water	42
7951747237	disaccharide	2 monosaccharides joined together	43
7951776389	sucrose	disaccharide glucose + fructose	44
7951779622	lactose	disaccharide glucose + galactose	45
7951781844	maltose	disaccharide glucose + glucose	46
7951833005	polysaccharides	hundreds or even thousands of monosaccharides, build upon the building block or monomer (glucose) to form a large polymer (starch)	47
7951863310	amylose	plant starch, straight chain of repeating glucose	48
7951877537	glycogen	animal starch, stored in liver, branched chain of repeating glucose	49
7951963244	cellulose	cell wall, glucose cross links, can eat but not digest	50
7951966813	chitin	insect's exoskeleton, slightly modified glucose	51
7951969933	100(c6h1206)	100 individual glucose, not bonded	52
7951976979	[c6h12o6]100	100 bonded glucose	53
7951980690	protein functions	transport, movement, enzymes, support, hormones, defense, storage	54
7951985159	transport	hemoglobin carries o2, cell membrane procedures ex. active transport, facilitated diffusion	55
7951991248	movement	muscle contraction, actin and myosin interlock, contract when activated w ATP	56
7951996173	enzymes	digestive, pepsin, enzymes in saliva, tears, etc.	57
7952000488	support	found in tissues, collagen and elastin, ex. skin snaps back	58
7952006177	hormones	regulation of blood sugar, insulin, and adrenaline, causes more glucose (sugar) to be released into blood	59
7952011828	defense	antibodies, immunoglobulins, white blood cells make them, stick to invaders	60
7952016886	storage	egg white, albumin, store amino acids	61
7952020513	amino acid	building block of protein 20 types end in -ine	62
7952025753	glycine	simplest amino acid nh2ch2cooh	63
7952036486	peptide bond	bond between amino acids	64
7952045439	polypeptide	long chain of amino acids that makes proteins	65
7952047693	every carbon has	4 lines attached	66
7952047694	every nitrogen has	3 lines attached	67
7952051188	every oxygen has	2 lines attached	68
7952054115	every hydrogen has	1 line attached	69
7952056899	lipids	fats, oils, wax, steroids	70
7952059571	functions of lipids	insulation cushion structure communication energy storage protection	71
7952064939	insulation	provide warmth ex. aquatic mammals	72
7952067654	cushion	internal organs	73
7952067655	structure	phospholipid (cell membrane)	74
7952070544	communication	steroid hormone	75
7952075984	energy storage	long term fat/oil storage	76
7952077623	protection	ex. wax on a leaf, earwax, beeswax	77
7952082340	building block of lipids	3 fatty acids, 1 glycerol	78
7952096671	saturated fat	solid at room temperature animal ex. butter, bacon fat	79
7952348141	unsaturated fat	liquid at room temperature plant at least 1 double bond ex. olive oil, peanut oil, corn oil	80
7952356702	ester bond	bond that connects the glycerol and fatty acid in fat molecules	81
7952389021	triglyceride	a lipid made of three fatty acid molecules and one glycerol molecule	82
7979614504	nucleic acid functions	hereditary information controls cell self replicate	83