Biochemistry Flashcards

7442091049	biochemistry	the study of the chemical makeup(molecules) of living things.	0
7442103723	organic	molecules that contain hydrocarbons. Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids.	1
7442130732	inorganic	molecules that do not contain hydrocarbons. Water, carbon dioxide, oxygen.	2
7442156433	hydrocarbons	carbon chains connected to hydrogen atoms.	3
7442163382	polymer	large molecule made up of a repeating sub unit.	4
7442171083	monomer	a single sub unit used to build a polymer.	5
7442177388	dehydration synthesis	the process of removing water (dehydrate) to make a larger molecule (synthesize).	6
7442188700	hydrolysis	the process of adding water (hydro) back into a polymer in order to split it apart (lysis).	7
7456198800	monosaccharide	1, simple sugars, quick energy, C6H12O6	8
7456203604	disaccharide	2, simple sugars, quick energy, C12H22O11	9
7456203605	maltose	2 glucose	10
7456207582	sucrose	1 glucose 1 fructose	11
7456207583	lactose	1 glucose 1 galactose	12
7456210039	polysaccharide	many, complex sugars, thousands long, stored energy	13
7456212610	glycogen	insides of animals	14
7456212611	chitin	outside of animals	15
7456215828	starch	inside of plants	16
7456215829	cellulose	outside of plants	17
7517931843	lipid	made up of C,H, and O. Found in nature as fats, waxes, and oils. Monomer = glycerol + fatty acids. Used for long term storage of energy. Form cell membranes. Provide insulation and protective coat for animals. Cushions internal organs.	18
7517934069	glycerol	backbone for lipid structure	19
7517936941	fatty acid	3 of them in a lipid. Can be saturated or unsaturated.	20
7517948378	saturated	Stable and hard to digest. Solid at room temperature. Single bonds only. Animal fats (ex. butter).	21
7517960147	unsaturated	Less stable & easy to digest. Liquid at room temperature. Have double bonds. Plant fats (ex. olive oil).	22
7517962285	carboxyl group	The CH2O at the end of each structure.	23
7517969035	non-polar	equal charge all around.	24
7517972263	ester bond	3 bonds made by dehydration synthesis.	25
7556791679	proteins	Made up of C, H, O, and N. Proteins make up 15% of your biomass! Involved in nearly every function of your body. Cells contain about 10,000 different proteins.	26
7556791680	amino acids	Monomer. 20 different types! Are made up of four functional groups: Amino Group (-NH2) Carboxyl Group (-COOH) R Group Hydrogen atom	27
7556791681	amino group	-NH2	28
7556793508	R-group	side chain unique to each amino acid. 20 different options! The only part that changes in an amino acid.	29
7556793509	polypeptide	3+ amino acids	30
7556795554	peptide bond	Holds amino acids together	31
7556795555	fibrous	straight not folded protein	32
7556797042	globular	folded protein	33
7556797043	denature	unfold in unfavorable conditions: pH Temperature Salinity (salt) A change to the 3D shape of the protein will result in a change or loss of function	34
7608894386	atom	The smallest particle of an element (that still retains the element's properties).	35
7608894387	macromolecule	very large molecule, such as protein	36
7608898891	glucose	1 of 3 monosaccharides, C6H12O6, makes each of the disaccharides.	37
7608898892	fructose	1 of 3 monosaccharides, C6H12O6, makes sucrose with glucose.	38
7608902361	galactose	1 of 3 monosaccharides, C6H12O6, makes lactose with glucose.	39
7608906257	glycosidic bond	connects monosaccharides to make disaccharides.	40
7608909165	dipeptide	2 amino acids	41