biochemistry Flashcards

5603702349	functions of salts	Na/K -nerve impulse transmission Ca -muscle function, blood clotting Fe -red blood cell formation I -thyroid hormones S -protein in muscle	0
5603740354	acid	proton donor, releases H+	1
5603751325	bases	proton acceptor releases OH- ions which bind to H+ and lowers concentration	2
5603797081	the higher the H+ ions and acidity, the _______ the pH	lower	3
5603804056	the lower the H+ and acidity, the ________ the pH	higher	4
5603810534	buffers	makes sure body's pH stays between 7.35-7.45	5
5603827487	types of buffers in body	urinary system-- gets rid of too many molecules (pee) respiratory system-- CO2 gets rid of H+ ions chemical system-- body uses free protein to regulate pH	6
5603871687	carbohydrates	sugars and starches used as an immediate source of energy	7
5603884911	monosaccharides	simple sugars: -glucose -fructose -galactose -deoxyribose -ribose	8
5603903398	disaccharides	glucose+fructose = sucrose (table sugar) glucose+glucose = maltose (malt sugar) galactose+glucose = lactose (sugar in milk)	9
5603945278	polysaccharides	glycogen- carbohydrates stored in animal tissue starch- carbs stored in plant tissue	10
5603998280	lipids	triglycerides phospholipids steroids	11
5604009850	triglycerides	hydrophobic 1 glycerol+ 3 fatty acids when solid: fats, long fatty acid chains, more saturated when liquid: oil, shorter fatty acid chain, unsaturated	12
5604047678	phospholipids	phosphorus group+glycerol+2 fatty acid chains pole head, non polar tail= amphipathic	13
5604070080	steroids	cholesterol is most known sterol hydrophobic	14
5604091908	cholesterol	comes from animal products and our liver needed for cell membrane structure making steroid hormones making bile salts too much cholesterol= arteriosclerosis	15
5604150679	eicosanoids	prostaglandins are responsible for pain transmission	16
5604194176	dipeptide	2 AA	17
5604196770	tripeptide	3 AA	18
5604199129	polypeptide	10+ AA	19
5604204491	protein has ____ AA	50+	20
5604213314	primary structure of AA	order of AA	21
5604217793	secondary structure of AA	alpha helix or beta sheet	22
5604225268	tertiary structure AA	folding	23
5604230951	quaternary structure	2 or more chains aggregate	24
5604253420	nucleic acids	largest molecule in body	25
5604260635	nucleotides	N base + pentose + phosphate group	26
5604349450	DNA nucleotides		27
5604365305	RNA nucleotides	AA + Ribose + Phosphate	28
5604394969	DNA	code of instructions for building every protein in body	29
5604479606	diffusion	molecules mov from high concentration to low concentration like a bag of tea in water	30
5604499241	osmosis	water (solvent) moves to a higher concentration of molecules	31
5604512862	osmolarity	total concentration of all solute particles in a solution	32
5604521770	hyposmotic	one solution has less solute on one side of membrane	33
5604532341	hyperosmotic	one solution has more solute on one side of membrane	34
5604547406	tonicity	isotonic hypotonic hypertonic	35
5604552753	osmotic pressure	greater force of molecule, greater the pressure	36