Biochemistry Flashcards

5035247509	Molecules composed of thousands of atoms: the four main classes being carbohydrates, lipids, prteins, and nucleic acids	Macromolecules	0
5035247510	Chainlike molecules consisting of monomers	Polymer	1
5035247511	Make up polymers	Monomer	2
5035247512	Removing water to bond monomers together to create a polymer	Dehydration Synthesis	3
5035247513	Adding water to break polymers apart to create monomers	Hydrolysis	4
5035247514	A macromolecule made up of C, H and O, with a 2:1 ratio between the hydrogen and oxygen.	Carbohydrates	5
5035247515	Simple sugars with 1 ring: Provides immediate energy, classified by the amount of carbons. Ex. glucose, fructose, galactose	Monosaccharides	6
5035247516	Double sugars with 2 rings, ex. sucrose	Disaccharides	7
5035247517	Polymers, with many rings. Acts as an energy storage macromolecule, building materials for cells or whole organisms. ex, glycogen, starch and cellulose	Polysaccharides	8
5035247518	glucose, fructose, galactose	Examples of monosaccharides	9
5035247519	Sucrose	Examples of disacharrides	10
5035247520	Macromolecule that dislikes water (hydrophobic), examples fats, oils and waxes	Lipids	11
5035247521	Hydrocarbon chain found in Lipids	Glycerol	12
5035247522	Part of a lipid attached to glycerol	Fatty Acid	13
5035247523	Fatty acids with single bonds. Solid at room temperature.	Saturated fatty acids	14
5035247524	Fatty acids with double and single bonds. Liquid at room temperature.	Unsaturated fatty acids	15
5035247525	A type of lipid used as signals in the cells. ex., cholesterol	Steroid	16
5035247526	Built up of 20 types of amino acids, which can unravel or denature in response to changes in pH, salt concentration, and temperature because they disrupt the bonds between parts of the protein	Proteins	17
5035247527	monomer for building proteins, bonded by peptide bonds	Amino acid	18
5035247528	proteins that speed up the rate of reactions, but are not consumed by the reaction. Lowers the activation energy of a reaction, and makes it easier to perform these reactions.	Enzymes	19
5035247529	A reactant that binds to an enzyme	Substrate	20
5035247530	A pocket/groove on the surface of a protein on the surface of the protein into which the substrate fits. The substrate is held to this area through weak interactions, such as hydrogen bonds or Van der Waals.	Active Site	21
5035247531	amount of energy needed to get a reaction going, enzymes lower the activation energy	Activation Energy	22
5035247532	An organic compound made up of a pentose sugar, phosphate, and nitrogen base. Ex. DNA and RNA	Nucleic Acids	23
5035247533	The building blocks of nucleic acids	Nucleotide	24
5035247534	nucleic acid		25
5035247535	protein		26
5035247536	carbohydrate		27
5035247537	lipid		28
5035247538	What element can bond with up to 4 other elements?	Carbon	29
5035247539	What 3 factors affect the rate of a reaction involving an enzyme?	Temperature, pH and concentration of enzyme	30
5035247540	Role of lipids	long term energy storage	31
5035247541	What can be found in the nucleus of an atom?	protons and neutrons	32