Biochemistry Flashcards

5148950300	enzymes	proteins that speed up or increase rate of chemical reactions in our bodies	0
5148956800	catalyst	substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction	1
5148963295	ase	many enzymes end in -_____	2
5148967766	substrates	enzymes bind to molecules called _________ to break them down sometimes they are linked together to form larger molecules	3
5148977505	shape	each enzyme only breaks down the substrate that matches its _______ (ex: lactase breaks down lactose)	4
5148983504	active site	place where the enzyme and substrate fit together.	5
5148985426	denatured	if the enzyme's shape changes, then the enzyme is _________ .	6
5148994677	temperature, pH	rate of reaction is best at optimal ______________ and ______.	7
5149006143	hydrogen	more _________ = more acidic	8
5149009750	hydroxide	more _________ = more basic	9
5149013379	bicarbonate	buffers in our blood to maintain pH. Grabs extra hydrogen, raising blood to regular pH	10
5152729585	ionic bond	chemical bond that exchanges elections (IONS)	11
5152730573	covalent bond	chemical bond that shares electrons (MOLECULES)	12
5152731673	carbon	all biomolecules contain ________	13
5152732364	monomer	smallest unit of a substance	14
5152732912	polymer	many monomers linked together to make large structure (i.e. micromolecules)	15
5152736760	monosaccharide	monomer of carbohydrates	16
5152738589	quick energy	function of carbohydrates: provide ______ ________ for the body	17
5160636824	carbohydrates	made of C₆H₁₂O₆	18
5160648928	lipids	carbon, hydrogen, oxygen in a nonspecific ratio glycerol backbone, 3 fatty acids	19
5160660012	saturated fats	fats that are solid at room temperature can clog arteries found in animal products	20
5160663043	unsaturated fats	fats that are liquid at room temperature plant oils, healthier for heart	21
5160666923	trans fats	unsaturated fats processed to become saturated fats increase rate of cancer	22
5160669622	proteins	carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen	23
5160682717	amino acids	monomer of proteins	24
5160682744	polypeptides	polymers of proteins	25
5160688478	nucleic acids	carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus	26
5160697606	nucleotide	monomer of nucleic acids	27
5160700327	DNA, RNA	polymers of nucleic acids (____, ____)	28
5160709110	dehydration synthesis	A chemical reaction in which two molecules are bonded together with the removal of a water molecule.	29
5160719419	hydrolysis	Breaking down complex molecules by the chemical addition of water	30
5164324331	peptide bond	chemical bond between two molecules when the carboxy group of one molecule reacts with amino group of the other molecule, releasing one molecule of H₂O dehydration synthesis occurs between amino acids	31
5171207008	Benedict test	tests for monosaccharides (simple sugars) turns pink	32
5171212430	Lugol test	tests for polysaccharides (complex sugars) turns dark purple in the presence of starch	33
5171218098	Biuret test	tests for protein turns purple	34
5171223215	Sudan Red test	tests for lipids concentrated spots of color	35