Biochemistry Flashcards

3944648125	Organic Compounds	contains carbon with hydrogen and other atoms such as Nitrogen, Phosphate and Sulfur	0
3944668072	Inorganic Compounds	doesn't contain carbon with hydrogen, or these other elements	1
3944680956	Ionic Bonds	charged atom, between a non-metal and a metal	2
3944694919	Covalent Bonds	shared electrons, between two non-metals	3
3944702337	Oxidation	Occurs when oxygen is chemically added to a substance, if a substance loses hydrogen( or electrons)	4
3944714409	Reduction	Occurs when oxygen is removed from a substance, if a substance gains hydrogen( or electrons)	5
3944730165	PH scale	Used to measure the strength of an acid or base, dependent on hydrogen ion concentration or hydroxide	6
3944756275	base/basic	the higher the number, the higher concentration of hydroxide >7	7
3944769837	Buffers	chemicals that keep the pH constant by taking up the excess hydrogen ion or hydroxide	8
3944798369	Polarity and Polar bonds	The shared pair of electrons are not shared evenly. One atom with a higher electronegativity pulls harder then the weakest. With a partial positive and partially negative charge.	9
3944825417	solvent	the liquid in which a solute is dissolved to form a solution.	10
4619124519	temperature regulator	ater enables it to effectively regulate and organism's temperature.	11
4619130008	amino acids	a simple organic compound containing both a carboxyl (—COOH) and an amino (—NH2) group	12
4619141134	dehydration synthesis	the process of joining two molecules (or compounds) together following the removal of water.	13
4619146375	hydrolysis	the chemical breakdown of a compound due to reaction with water.	14
4619150241	organic monomers	a molecule that can be bonded to other identical molecules to form a polymer.	15
4619152242	polymers	substances whose molecules have high molar masses and are composed of a large number of repeating units	16
4619155379	ATP	a compound consisting of an adenosine molecule bonded to three phosphate groups, present in all living tissue. provides energy	17
4619168037	DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)	a self-replicating material present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information	18
4619169986	Disaccharide	a sugar (a carbohydrate) composed of two monosaccharides. It is formed when two sugars are joined together and a molecule of water is removed	19
4619171266	glucose	a simple sugar that is an important energy source in living organisms and is a component of many carbohydrates.	20
4619172537	glycerol	The fatty acid molecule is a long chain of covalently bonded carbon atoms with nonpolar bonds to hydrogen atoms all along the carbon chain with a carboxyl group attached to one end.	21
4619176689	hemoglobin	a red protein responsible for transporting oxygen in the blood of vertebrates. Its molecule comprises four subunits, each containing an iron atom bound to a heme group.	22
4619177924	monosaccharides	(e.g. glucose) and disaccharides (e.g. sucrose) are relatively small molecules. They are often called sugars.	23
4619181386	neutral fat	produced by the dehydration synthesis of one or more fatty acids with an alcohol like glycerol	24
4619185294	phospholipid	consist of a glycerol molecule, two fatty acids, and a phosphate group that is modified by an alcohol. The phosphate group is the negatively-charged polar head, which is hydrophilic. The fatty acid chains are the uncharged, nonpolar tails, which are hydrophobic	25
4619186898	Polysaccharides	a long-chain carbohydrate made up of smaller carbohydrates called monosaccharides that's typically used by our bodies for energy or to help with cellular structure	26
4619188288	Ribose	a sugar of the pentose class that occurs widely in nature as a constituent of nucleosides and several vitamins and enzymes.	27
4619188902	RNA	ribonucleic acid, a nucleic acid present in all living cells. Its principal role is to act as a messenger carrying instructions from DNA for controlling the synthesis of proteins, although in some viruses RNA rather than DNA carries the genetic information.	28
4619191773	Fatty acids	a carboxylic acid consisting of a hydrocarbon chain and a terminal carboxyl group, especially any of those occurring as esters in fats and oils.	29
4619193011	Steroids	any of a large class of organic compounds with a characteristic molecular structure containing four rings of carbon atoms	30
4635679459	Main functions of carbohydrates	considered to be the main source of energy for cells. Structural help in plants	31
4635682359	Starch(polysacchride)	it's the storage form of glucose in plants, it's an important source of of energy for animals that eat plants, it's a chain of glucose with a few side branches	32
4635690121	Glycogen	it's the storage form of glucose in animal (even humans) \, found in the muscles and liver, long chains of glucose with many side branches	33
4635692009	Cellulose	it's found in plants, where it forms their ridged cell walls, it's not digestible for most animals(including humans), it's a dietary fiber, long chains of glucose alternating between upside down and right side up	34
4635701871	Nu		35