Biochemistry Flashcards

5106810990	Proton	Positively charged subatomic particle located in the nucleus. Has a mass of 1 amu.	0
5106810991	Neutron	Neutral subatomic particle located in the nucleus. Has a mass of 1 amu.	1
5106810992	Matter	Anything that has mass and takes up space. Made of atoms and molecules.	2
5106810993	Element	Atoms with the same atomic number.	3
5106810994	Atom	The smallest unit of matter.	4
5106810995	Electron	Negatively charged particle that orbits the nucleus. Has negligible mass.	5
5106810996	Nucleus	Center of an atom that contains the protons and neutrons.	6
5106810997	Mass Number	Mass of an isotope. It is the total number of protons and neutrons in a nucleus	7
5106810998	Atomic Mass	The average number of protons and neutrons of the relative abundances of an element's different isotopes.	8
5106810999	Isotope	Two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons.	9
5106811000	Chemical Bond	Forces that hold two atoms together.	10
5106811001	Ionic Bond	The electrostatic force of attraction between two oppositely charged ions. Forms between a metal and nonmetal. Results from a transfer of valence electrons from the metal to the nonmetal.	11
5106811002	Covalent Bond	A chemical bond between nonmetals that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms	12
5106811003	Molecule	Two or more atoms covalently bonded together.	13
5106811004	Nonpolar Covalent Bond	Chemical bond where two atoms share a pair of electrons equally with each other.	14
5106811005	Polar Covalent Bond	Chemical bond where a pair of electrons is unequally shared between two atoms.	15
5106811006	Solvent	A substance that is able to dissolve other substances. Often water.	16
5106811007	Solute	The substance being dissolved.	17
5106811008	Acid	A substance with a pH of less than 7. Usually sour tasting.	18
5106811009	Base	A substance with a pH of more than 7. Often soapy tasting.	19
5106811010	Chemical Reaction	The rearrangement of the molecular or ionic structure of a substance.	20
5106811011	Reactant	A substance that takes part in and undergoes change during a reaction.	21
5106811012	Product	The substances that result from this recombination of atoms.	22
5106811013	Organic Compound	Molecules that contain carbon.	23
5106811014	Macromolecules	A molecule containing a very large number of atoms, such as a carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acid, and lipids.	24
5106811015	Polymer	A substance that has a molecular structure consisting of large number of similar units bonded together.	25
5106811016	Monomer	Single unit that can be bonded together into repeating subunits to form a polymer.	26
5106811017	Dehydration Synthesis	To covalently join two monomers together. Water is released as a result.	27
5106811018	Hydrolysis	To break polymer into shorter strands by using water.	28
5106811019	carbohydrate	Provides short term energy and structure in plants	29
5106811020	Complex carbohydrate	Polysaccharide of sugars. Starch and cellulose	30
5106811021	Carb General Formula	1C: 2H: 1O	31
5106811022	Monosaccharide	Single sugar, simple sugar. Glucose	32
5106811023	Disaccharide	2 sugars, simple sugar. Sucrose	33
5106811024	Polysaccharide	Many sugars. Cellulose, Glycogen, Chitin	34
5106811025	Amino Acid	Monomer of a protein	35
5106811026	Polypeptide	Polymer of protein	36
5106811027	Protein	Functional unit made of more than one polypeptide chain.	37
5106811028	Primary Structure of Protein	The sequence of amino acids	38
5106811029	Secondary Structure of a Protein	Helix and pleated sheets in segments of polypeptide	39
5106811030	Tertiary Structure of Protein	The folded polypeptide	40
5106811031	Quaternary Structure of a protein	Folded protein made of more than one polypeptide chain	41
5106811032	Function of Protein	Build and repair tissue, structures, enzymes, membrane transport, immunity	42
5106811033	Catalyst	Speeds up a chemical reaction	43
5106811034	Lipid	Hydrophobic hydrocarbons that include: fats, steroids and waxes. Long term energy storage, insulation, membranes, waterproofing, and cushioning organs.	44
5106811035	Triglyceride	A fat that contains a glycerol attached to 3 fatty acid chains	45
5106811036	Saturated fats	Fats that contain no carbon-carbon double bonds. Solid at room temperature. Considered unhealthy	46
5106811037	Unsaturated fats	Fats that contain 1 or more double bonds. Liquid at room temp (oils). Considered healthy.	47
5106811038	Trans fats	Partially hydrogenated fats. Unsaturated fat that had been chemically changed to behave more like a saturated fat. Made in a laboratory	48
5106811039	Hydrophobic	Water fearing	49
5106811040	Hydrophilic	Water loving	50
5106811041	Wax	A hydrophobic member of the lipid family and involved with waterproofing	51
5106811042	Steroid	A hydrophobic lipid that consists of hormones and cholesterol	52
5106811043	Phospholipid	The lipid with a hydrophilic head and 2 hydrophobic fatty acid tails. Makes up the cell membrane	53
5106811044	Enzyme	a protein that catalyzes chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy	54
5106811045	Active site	A place on an enzyme that the substrate binds to	55
5106811046	Activation Energy	The energy needed for a chemical reaction to progress from substrate (reactants) to products	56
5106811047	Factors that lower Enzyme Reaction rate	pH, temperature and substrate concentration change	57
5106811048	Substrate	Molecule binds to an enzyme to either be broken down or polymerized.	58