AP World History (9) Flashcards
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| 6532196303 | dhimmis | the people of the book, Jews, Christians; later extended to Zoroastrians and Hindus. | 0 | |
| 6532196304 | hadiths | traditions of the prophet Muhammad; added to the Qur'an; form the essential writings of Islam. | 1 | |
| 6532196305 | Abbasid | dynasty that succeeded the Umayyads in 750; their capital was at Baghdad. | 2 | |
| 6532196306 | Battle of the River Zab | 750; Abbasid victory over the Umayyads, near the Tigris. Led to Abbasid ascendancy. | 3 | |
| 6532196307 | Baghdad | Abbasid capital, close to the old Persian capital of Ctesiphon. | 4 | |
| 6532196308 | wazir | chief administrative official under the Abbasids. | 5 | |
| 6532196309 | dhows | Arab sailing vessels; equipped with lateen sails; used by Arab merchants. | 6 | |
| 6532196310 | ayan | the wealthy, landed elite that emerged under the Abbasids. | 7 | |
| 6532196311 | Indians | misnomer created by Columbus when referring to indigenous New World peoples; still used to describe Native Americans. | 8 | |
| 6532196312 | Toltec culture | succeeded Teotihuacan culture in central Mexico; strong militaristic ethic including human sacrifice; influenced large territory after 1000 C.E.; declined after 1200 C.E. | 9 | |
| 6532196313 | Topiltzin | religious leader and reformer of the Toltecs in 10th century; dedicated to god Quetzalcoatl; after losing struggle for power, went into exile in the Yucatan peninsula. | 10 | |
| 6532196314 | Quetzalcoatl | Toltec deity; feathered serpent; adopted by Aztecs as a major god. | 11 | |
| 6532196315 | Tenochtitlan | founded circa 1325 on a marshy island in Lake Texcoco; became center of Aztec power. | 12 | |
| 6532196316 | Tlaloc | major god of Aztecs; associated with fertility and the agricultural cycle; god of rain. | 13 | |
| 6532196317 | Huitcilopochtli | Aztec tribal patron god; central figure of human sacrifice and warfare; identified with old sun god. | 14 | |
| 6532196318 | Nezhualcoyotl | leading Aztec king of the 15th century. | 15 | |
| 6532196319 | chinampas | beds of aquatic weeds, mud, and earth placed in frames made of cane and rooted in lakes to create "floating islands"; system of irrigated agriculture used by Aztecs. | 16 | |
| 6532196320 | pochteca | merchant class in Aztec society; specialized in longdistance trade in luxury items. | 17 | |
| 6532196321 | calpulli | clans in Aztec society; evolved into residential groupings that distributed land and provided labor and warriors. | 18 | |
| 6532196322 | Pachacuti | Inca ruler (1438-1471); began the military campaigns that marked the creation ofan Inca empire. | 19 | |
| 6532196323 | ayllus | households in Andean societies that recognized some form of kinship; traced descent from a common, sometimes mythical ancestor. | 20 | |
| 6532196324 | Twantinsuyu | Inca word for their empire; region from Colombia to Chile and eastward into Bolivia and Argentina. | 21 | |
| 6532196325 | split inheritance | Inca practice of ruler descent; all titles and political power went to successor, but wealth and land remained in hands of male descendants for support of dead Inca's mummy. | 22 | |
| 6532196326 | Temple of the Sun | Inca religious center at Cuzco; center of state religion; held mummies of past Incas. | 23 | |
| 6532196327 | tambos | way stations used by Incas as inns and storehouses; supply centers for Inca armies; relay points for system of runners used to carry messages. | 24 |