Ap language terminology Flashcards

2888951787	Alliteration	The repetition of the same sound or letter at the beginning of consecutive words or syllables	0
2888951788	Allusion	An indirect reference, often to another text or an historic event	1
2888951789	Analogy	An extended comparison between two seemingly dissimilar	2
2888951790	Anaphora	The repetition of words at the beginning of successive clauses	3
2888951791	Anecdote	A short account of an interesting event	4
2888951792	Annotation	Explanatory or critical notes added to a text	5
2888951793	Antecedent	The noun to which a later pronoun refers	6
2888951794	Antimetabole	The repetition of words at the beginning of successive clauses	7
2888951795	Antithesis	Parallel structure that juxtaposes contrasting ideas	8
2888951796	Aphorism	A short, astute statement of a general truth	9
2888951797	Appositive	A word or phrase that renames a nearby noun or pronoun	10
2888951798	Archaic diction	The use of words common to an earlier time period; antiquated language	11
2888951799	Argument	A statement put forth and supported by evidence	12
2888951800	Aristotelian triangle	A diagram that represents a rhetorical situation as the relationship among the speaker, the subject and the audience	13
2888951801	Assertion	An emphatic statement; declaration. An assertion supported by evidence becomes an argument	14
2888951802	Assumption	A belief or statement taken for granted without proof	15
2888951803	Asyndeton	Leaving out conjunctions between words, phrases, clauses	16
2888951804	Attitude	The speaker's position on a subject as revealed through his or her tone	17
2888951805	Audience	One's listener or readership; those to whom a speech or piece of writing is addressed	18
2888951806	Authority	A reliable, respected source- someone with knowledge	19
2888951807	Bias	Prejudice or predisposition toward one side of a subject or issue	20
2888951808	Cite	Identifying a part of a piece of writing as being derived from a source	21
2888951809	Claim	An assertion, usually supported by evidence	22
2888951810	Close reading	A careful reading that is attentive to organization, figurative language, sentence structure, vocabulary, and other literary and structural elements of a text	23
2888951811	Colloquial/ ism	An informal or conversational use of language	24
2888951812	Common ground	Shared beliefs, values, or positions	25
2888951813	Complex sentence	A sentence that includes one independent clause and at least one dependent clause	26
2888951814	Concession	A reluctant acknowledgement or yielding	27
2888951815	Connotation	That which is implied by a word, as opposed to the word's literal meaning	28
2888951816	Context	Words, event, or circumstances that help determine meaning	29
2888951817	Coordination	Grammatical equivalence between parts of a sentence, often through a coordinating conjunction such as and, or but	30
2888951818	Counter argument	A challenge to a position; an opposing argument	31
2888951819	Cumulative sentence	A independent clause followed by subordinate clauses or phrases that supply additional detail	32
2888951820	Declarative sentence	A sentence that makes a statement	33
2888951821	Deduction	Reasoning from general to specific	34
2888951822	Denotation	The literal meaning of a word; its dictionary defenition	35
2888951823	Diction	Word choice	36
2888951824	Documentation	Bibliographic information about the sources used in a piece of writing	37
2888951825	Elegiac	Mournful over what has passed or been lost; often used to describe tone	38
2888951826	Epigram	A brief witty statement	39
2888951827	Ethos	A Greek term referring to the character of a person; one of Aristotle's three rhetorical appeals	40
2888951828	Figurative language	The use of tropes or figures of speech; going beyond literal meaning to achieve literal meaning	41
2888951829	Hyperbole	Exaggeration for the purpose of emphasis	42
2888951830	Imagery	Vivid use of language that evokes a reader's senses ( sight,smell,taste,touch,hearing	43
2888951831	Imperative sentence	A sentence that requests or commands	44
2888951832	Induction	Reasoning from specific to general	45
2888951833	Inversion	A sentence in which the verb precedes the subject	46
2888951834	Irony	A contradiction between what is said and what is meant; incongruity between action and result	47
2888951835	Juxtaposition	Placement of two things side by side for emphasis	48
2888951836	Logos	A Greek term that means word; an appeal to logic; one of Aristotle' s three rhetorical appeals	49
2888951837	Metaphor	A figure of speech or trope through which one thing is spoken of as though it were something else, thus making an implicit comparison	50
2888951838	Metonymy	Use of an aspect of something to represent the whole	51
2888951839	Occasion	An aspect of context; the cause or reason for writing	52
2888951840	Oxymoron	A figure of speech that combines two contradictory terms	53
2888951841	Paradox	A statement that seems contradictory but is actually true	54
2888951842	Parallelism	The repetition of similar grammatical or syntactical patterns	55
2888951843	Parody	A piece that imitates and exaggerates the prominent features of another; used for comic effect or ridicule	56
2888951844	Pathos	A Greek term that refers to suffering but has come to be associated with broader appeals to emotion; one of Aristotle's three rhetorical appeals	57
2888951845	Persona	The speaker,voice,or character assumed by the author of a piece of writing	58
2888951846	Personification	Assigning lifelike characteristics to inanimate objects	59
2888951847	Polemic	An argument against an idea, usually regarding philosophy, politics, or religion	60
2888951848	Polysyndeton	The deliberate use of a series of conjunctions	61
2888951849	Premise:major, minor Two parts of a syllogism. The concluding sentence of a syllogism takes its predicate from the major premise and its subject from the minor premise	...	62
2888951850	Major premise	All mammals are warm- blooded	63
2888951851	Minor premise	All horses are mammals	64
2888951852	Conclusion	All horses are warm- blooded	65
2888951853	Propaganda	A negative term for writing designed to sway opinion rather than present information	66
2888951854	Purpose	One's intention or objective in a speech or piece of writing	67
2888951855	Refute	To discredit an argument, particularly a counterargument	68
2888951856	Rhetoric	The study of effective, persuasive language use; according to Aristotle, use of the "available means of persuasive"	69
2888951857	Rhetorical modes	Patterns of organization developed to achieve a specific purpose	70
2888951858	Rhetorical question	A question asked more to produce an effect than to summon an answer	71
2888951859	Rhetorical triangle	A diagram that represents a rhetorical situation as the relationship speaker,the speaker, the subject, and the audience	72
2888951860	Satire	An ironic, sarcastic, or witty compositions that claims to argue for something, but actually argues against it	73
2888951861	Scheme	A pattern of words or sentence construction used for rhetorical effect	74
2888951862	Sentence patterns	The arrangement of independent and dependent clauses into known sentences constructions	75
2888951863	Sentence variety	Using a variety of sentence patterns to create a desired effect	76
2888951864	Simile	A figure of speech that uses like or as to compare two things	77
2888951865	Simple sentence	A statement containing a subject and predicate; an independent clause	78
2888951866	Source	A book, article, person, speaker, or the person whose perspective, real or imagined, is being advanced in a speech or piece of writing	79
2888951867	Straw man	A logical fallacy that involves the creation of an easily refutable position: misrepresenting, then attacking an opponent's position	80
2888951868	Style	The distinctive quality of speech or writing created by the selective and arrangement of words and figures of speech	81
2888951869	Subject	In rhetorical, the topic addressed in a piece of writing	82
2888951870	Subordinate clause	Created by a subordinating conjunction, a clause that modifies an independent clause	83
2888951871	Subordination	The dependence of one syntactical element on another in a sentence	84
2888951872	Syllogism	A form of deductive reasoning in which the conclusion is supported by a major and minor premise	85
2888951873	Syntax	Sentence structure	86
2888951874	Synthesize	Combining or bringing together two or more elements to produce something more complex	87
2888951875	Thesis	The central idea in a work to which all parts of the work refer	88
2888951876	Thesis statement	A statement of the central idea in a work, may be explicit or implicit	89
2888951877	Tone	The speaker's attitude toward the subject or audience	90
2888951878	Topic sentence	A sentence, most often appearing at the beginning of a paragraph, the announces the paragraph's idea and often unites it with the work's thesis	91
2888951879	Trope	Artful diction; the use of language in a nonliteral way; also called a figure of speech	92
2888951880	Understatement	Lack of emphasis in a statement or point; restraint in language often used for ironic effect	93
2888951881	Voice	In grammar, a term for the relationship between a verb and a noun, active or passive voice. In rhetorical, a distinctive quality in the style and tone of writing	94
2888951882	Zeugma	A constructions in which one word( usually a verb) modifies or governs- often in different, sometimes incongruent ways- two or more words in a sentence	95
2888951883	Speaker	A term used used for the authority,speaker, or the person who's perspective (real or imagined) is being advanced in a speech or piece of writing	96