AP Language & Comp Midterm Flashcards
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| 8469348184 | periodic sentence | sentence whose main Clause is withheld until the end ex: "Emma Woodhouse, handsome, clever, and Rich, with a comfortable home and a happy dispotion, same to you night some of the best blessings of existence" | 0 | |
| 8458713369 | Reservation | Terms and conditions necessitated by the qualifier. | 1 | |
| 8458784204 | Rhetorical Triangle | A diagram that illustrates the interrelationship among the speaker, audience, and subject in determining a text |  | 2 |
| 8458789991 | Pathos | emotionally motivate their audicence | 3 | |
| 8458809657 | Hasty Generalization | a faulty conclusion is reached because of inadequate evidence | 4 | |
| 8458849484 | Claim of Policy | Proposes a change | 5 | |
| 8458855752 | Antithesis | Opposition, or contrast, of ideas or words in a parallel construction. ex:"that's one small step for man one giant leap for mankind" "I speak not from ignorance, but from experience" | 6 | |
| 8458865435 | Claim of Value | Something is good or bad, right or wrong. | 7 | |
| 8458870159 | Claim of fact | Asserts that something is true or not true. | 8 | |
| 8458876450 | Qualifer | uses words like usually probably, maybe and etc. to temper the claim. | 9 | |
| 8458889029 | Argument | a process of reasoned inquiry a persuasive discourse resulting in a coherent and considered movement from a claim to a conclusion | 10 | |
| 8458915061 | Proppaganda | the spread of ideas and information to further a cause | 11 | |
| 8458928802 | Second hand evidence | Research, Reading, investigation | 12 | |
| 8458941555 | Deduction | a logical process whereby one reaches a conclusion by starting with general principle or universal truth ( major premise ) and applying it to a specific case ( a minor premise ) | 13 | |
| 8458964629 | Cumulative Sentence | Sentence that completes the main idea at the beginning of the sentence and then builds and add on. ex: "legs and arms extended, breathing quietly as he gazed at the figures" | 14 | |
| 8458991160 | Alliteration | Repetition of the same sound beginning several words or syllables in sequence ex: "she was wide-eyed and wondering why she waited for Walter to waken" | 15 | |
| 8459009366 | Rogerian Argument | having a full understanding of an opposing position is essential to responding to it persuasively and refuting it in a way that is accommodating rather than alienating | 16 | |
| 8459103881 | Juxtaposition | Placement of two things closely together to emphasize similarities or differences. Example: Everyone should have planned parenthood Abortion is wrong! You will go to hell! | 17 | |
| 8459160547 | Either / or false dilemma | The speaker presents two extreme options as the only possible choices | 18 | |
| 8459171543 | Hortative Sentence | Sentence that exhorts, urges, entreats, implores, or calls to action. Examples: "so let us begin anew..." "Let both sides unite to need.." | 19 | |
| 8459601721 | Syllogism | a logical structure that use the major premise and minor premise to reach a necessary conclusion | 20 | |
| 8459634042 | Counterargument | An opposing argument to the one a writer is putting forward Ex: Some people say that everyone should not wear a seatbelt because it saves lives such as when a car plunges into a river off a bridge and the person drowns | 21 | |
| 8469212746 | imperative sentence | sentence used to command or enjoin Example: "please bring this basket to your grandma" "get some paper" | 22 | |
| 8469212747 | Purpose | The goal of the speaker wants to achieve. | 23 | |
| 8469212748 | Antimetabole | repetition of words in reverse order Example: "I want what I need and I need what I want." | 24 | |
| 8469212749 | Concession | An acknowledgment that an opposing argument may be true or reasonable. In a strong argument, a _ is usually accompanied by a refutation challenging the validity of the opposing argument. ex: Lou Gahrig concedes what some of his listeners may think - that his bad break is a cause for discouragement or despair | 25 | |
| 8469212750 | metaphor | Compares two things without using like or as ex: "the world is a stage" "sea of sand" | 26 | |
| 8469212751 | confirmation | usually the major part of the text includes the proof needed to make the writer's cause | 27 | |
| 8469212752 | logical fallacy | lacking logical connection between claim and the evidence | 28 | |
| 8469212753 | connotation | are usually positive or negative and they can greatly affect the author's tone (meanings or associations that readers have with the word beyond its dictionary definition) ex: "Bobby was blue after his dog died" | 29 | |
| 8469212754 | rhetorical question | figure of speech in the form of a question posed for rhetorical effect rather than for the purpose of getting an answer ex: "will you join in the historic effort?" "and what is so rare as a day in June?" | 30 | |
| 8469212755 | personification | attribution of a lifelike quality to an inanimate object or an idea ex: "the car danced across the icy Road" "the angry clouds march across the sky" | 31 | |
| 8469348181 | oxymoron | Paradoxical juxtaposition of words that seem to contradict one another ex: "a peaceful war" | 32 | |
| 8469348182 | logos | facts, statistics, or expert testimony to back them up | 33 | |
| 8469348183 | conclusion | brings the essay to a satisfying close | 34 | |
| 8469348185 | Toulmin Model | an approach to analyzing and constructing arguments created by British philosopher Stephen Toulmin |  | 35 |
| 8469539306 | denotation | the dictionary and literal meaning of word ex: "Bobby wear a blue shirt today" | 36 | |
| 8469539307 | parallelism | similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses. ex: "Lady Gaga enjoys dancing, singing and wearing food on her body" | 37 | |
| 8469539308 | subject | the topic of a text. What the text is about | 38 | |
| 8469539309 | narration | provides factual information and background material on the subject at hand or establishes why the subject is a problem that needs addressing | 39 | |
| 8469539310 | zeugma | use of two different words in a grammatically similar way that produces different, often inconguous meanings | 40 | |
| 8469539311 | Asydenton | omission of conjunctions between coordinate phrases, Clauses, or words ex: "I came, I saw, I conquered." "we met, we got engaged, we got married." | 41 | |
| 8469539312 | closed thesis | the main idea of the argument that also previews the major points the writer intends to make | 42 | |
| 8469539313 | induction | a logical process whereby the writers reason from particulars to Universal using specific cases in order to draw conclusion | 43 | |
| 8469539314 | SOAPS | a mnemonic device that stands for subject, occasion, audience, purpose, and speaker | 44 | |
| 8469601958 | diction | choices of words | 45 | |
| 8469601959 | anaphora | repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive phrases, Clauses, or line ex: "five years have past; five summers; with the length of five long winter's! and again I hear these waters..." | 46 | |
| 8469601960 | Synecdoche | a figure of speech in which a part is made to represent the whole. ex: "I have four mouths to feed at home" | 47 | |
| 8469601961 | claim | States the arguments main idea or position | 48 | |
| 8469601962 | polemic | an aggressive argument that tries to establish the superiority of one opinion over all others | 49 | |
| 8469601963 | faulty analogy | comparing two things that are not comparable | 50 | |
| 8469742181 | Allusion | brief reference to a person, event, or place (real or fiction) or to work of art. ex: "Sally had a smile that rivaled the Mona Lisa" | 51 | |
| 8469742182 | rebuttal | possible objections | 52 | |
| 8469742183 | inversion | inverted order of words in a sentence (variation of the subject-verb-object order) | 53 | |
| 8469742184 | warrant | expresses the Assumption necessarily shared by the speaker in the auntie | 54 | |
| 8469742185 | rhetorical appeals | techniques used to persuade an audience by emphasizing ethos pathos and logos | 55 | |
| 8469742186 | syntax | how words are arranged | 56 | |
| 8469742187 | persona | the face or character that a speaker shows to his or her audience | 57 | |
| 8469742188 | ad hominem | refers to the specific diversionary tactic of switching the argument from the issue at hand to the character of the other speaker | 58 | |
| 8469742189 | refutation | addresses the counter argument it is a bridge between the writers proof and conclusion | 59 | |
| 8469913394 | context | the circumstances, atmosphere, attitudes, and events surrounding a text | 60 | |
| 8469913395 | satire | the use of sarcasm or irony to criticize | 61 | |
| 8469913396 | text | the written word | 62 | |
| 8469913397 | Appeals to false authority | This fallacy occurs when someone who has no expertise to speak on an issue is cited as an authority | 63 | |
| 8469913398 | open thesis | one that does not list all the points the writer intends to cover in an essay | 64 | |
| 8469913399 | archaic diction | old-fashioned or outdated choice of words ex: "the lady doth protest too much, methinks" -Shakespeare | 65 | |
| 8469913400 | classical oration | five-part argument structure used by classical rhetoricians ex: introduction, narration, confirmation, refutation, conclusion. | 66 | |
| 8469913401 | backing | consists of further assurances or data | 67 | |
| 8469913402 | first hand evidence | evidence based on something the writer knows | 68 | |
| 8469913403 | circular reasoning | the writer repeats the claim as a way to provide evidence | 69 | |
| 8469913404 | Straw Man | when a speaker chooses a deliberately poor or over simplified example in order to ridicule and refute an idea | 70 | |
| 8469913405 | post hoc ergo propter hoc | incorrect to always claim that something is a cause just because it happened earlier | 71 | |
| 8469913406 | occasion | the time and place a speech is given or a piece is written | 72 | |
| 8470078749 | ethos | credible and | 73 | |
| 8470078750 | ad populum (bandwagon appeal) | "everybody's doing it, so it must be a good thing to do" | 74 | |
| 8470078751 | speaker | the person or group who creates a text | 75 | |
| 8470078752 | Audience | The listener, viewer, or reader of a text. Most texts are likely to have multiple audiences. | 76 | |
| 8470078753 | Introduction | Introduces the reader to the subject under discussion | 77 | |
| 8470078754 | When you analyze syntax, what should you be analyzing? | for parallelism, juxtaposition, and antithesis, and the difference sentence types. | 78 | |
| 8470078755 | how can diction affect the tone and mood of a text? | the author makes you strong vocabulary vocabulary, they make it light-hearted and funny or they make it sad | 79 | |
| 8470078756 | metaphor, simile, and personifications are examples of this | figure of speech | 80 | |
| 8470078757 | complex, imperative, and cumulative are all types of what? | sentences | 81 | |
| 8470078758 | compound sentence | a sentence with two or more coordinate independent clauses, often joined by one or more conjunctions | 82 | |
| 8470078759 | complex sentence | A sentence with one independent clause and at least one dependent clause | 83 | |
| 8470078760 | imperative sentence | sentence used to command or enjoin | 84 | |
| 8470078761 | cumulative sentence | sentence that completes the main idea at the beginning of the sentence and then builds and adds on | 85 | |
| 8470078762 | deafening silence and peaceful Revolution are examples of what | oxymoron | 86 | |
| 8470078763 | why might you end a paper with a rhetorical question? what effect might it have on the reader? | to get the reader thinking after the paper opens paper up for discussion | 87 |