AP World History Unit 5 1750-1900 Flashcards
APWH Unit 5 1750 - 1870
"Revolutionary Changes in the Atlantic World"
"The Early Industrial Revolution"
"Nation Building & Economic Transformation in the Americas"
"Africa, India, & the New British Empire"
"Land Empires in the Age of Imperialism"
"The New Power Balance"
"The New Imperialism"
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| 6483713089 | Seven Years War 1756-1763 | England vs. France England wins India and midwest territories in the US Both countries raised taxes | 0 | |
| 6483713090 | The Enlightenment | liberal movement that applied Scientific Revolution to everyday life; most philosophers were French | 1 | |
| 6483713091 | John Locke | most influential to Revolutions/Declarations; believed people are born good, have natural rights, limited government, citizens have duty to overthrow bad governments | 2 | |
| 6483713092 | Jean Jacques Rousseau | believed in minimum government control and laws should be based on what the majority wants; strong emphasis on individual rights, hated oppression, | 3 | |
| 6483713093 | Thomas Hobbes | moderate; believed in social order because people were born bad and needed government oversight to keep them behaving in a way that led to state success | 4 | |
| 6483713094 | Montesquieu | believed in division of government powers - ideally three branches; ideas were used as the basis for the US government | 5 | |
| 6483713095 | Voltaire | inspired 1st Amendment: freedom of religion, speech, and press; was against monarchy | 6 | |
| 6483713097 | "Common Sense" | written by Thomas Paine to spur revolution among colonists | 7 | |
| 6483713098 | Estates General | First Estate: clergy Second Estate: nobles Third Estate: peasants, merchants, artisans, bourgeoisie 98% of population | 8 | |
| 6483713099 | National Assembly | collectively unifies Third Estate, wrote up Declaration of Rights of Man, was called for arrest | 9 | |
| 6483713100 | Storming of Bastille | July 14, 1789: beginning of French Revolution | 10 | |
| 6483713101 | guillotine | "humane" execution method, symbol of violent French revolution | 11 | |
| 6483713102 | The Reign of Terror | 1793-1794: Robespierre's ruthless, bloody, dictatorial rule of the French Revolution | 12 | |
| 6483713104 | Maximilien Robespierre | leader in French revolution - lawyer and politician; executed anyone who supported monarchy, eventually arrested and executed | 13 | |
| 6483713107 | Toussaint Louverture | led Haitian Revolution, was imprisoned in France | 14 | |
| 6483713108 | Haitian Revolution | 1794 -1804 | 15 | |
| 6483713109 | American Revolution | 1776 - 1783 | 16 | |
| 6483713110 | French Revolution | 1789 - 1792 | 17 | |
| 6483713111 | Congress of Vienna | Napoleon's enemies (Britain, Russia, Prussia, and Austria) meet up to reestablish monarchy and conservatism, results in Holy Alliance that represses liberalism/nationalism in Spain & Italy | 18 | |
| 6483713116 | Muhammad Ali | driving force of Egyptian industrialization, built up Egyptian economy/military, ordered peasants to grow cotton | 19 | |
| 6483713117 | Causes of the Industrial Revolution | 1- population growth 2- agricultural revolution 3- trade/inventiveness 4- competition among states | 20 | |
| 6483713118 | Richard Arkwright | Industrial Era inventor & entrepreneur; designs the water frame | 21 | |
| 6483713119 | Latin American Revolution | 1810-1825; started by creole elites who feared lower classes taking control; inspired by Napoleon and Enlightenment | 22 | |
| 6483713120 | Laissez-faire | economic system supported by Adam Smith (father of economics) where the government has no intervention in the economy and it is self regulated by the people | 23 | |
| 6483713122 | Simon Bolivar | led Venezuela's independence, inspired others, was a smart, military elite, led by force/charisma to gain mulattoes/slaves/natives as allies, promised them gains but lied | 24 | |
| 6483713125 | Mexican Independence | 1810-1823; was Spain's richest colony; priests Hidalgo & Morelos led violent rebellions and were crushed by loyalists; second rebellion by Agustin de Iturbide won independence in 1821 | 25 | |
| 6483713128 | Feminist movement | second half of 19th century, women's rights progressed slowly, Western countries; only upperclass women were politically active | 26 | |
| 6483713129 | neocolonialism | nonindustrialized nation depends on industrialized nation economically, is only politically independent | 27 | |
| 6483713134 | Company Men | from the British East India Company; est. trading posts and hired sepoys for protection; pushed out French and forced the Mughal to recognize them as "Bombay Presidency" | 28 | |
| 6483713135 | sepoys | Indian soldiers hired by English men | 29 | |
| 6483713136 | British Raj | the British Company's rule of India; administrative/social reform placed less emphasis on caste, aculturation, Christianity; supported Indian customs through superficial parades | 30 | |
| 6483713137 | Indian textile industry | Collapsed due to competition with Britain following industrialization & passage of the Calico Act | 31 | |
| 6483713138 | Sepoy Rebellion 1857 | Sepoys revolt against British; was a severe shock to British; British government now assumes control of India | 32 | |
| 6483713139 | Causes of Sepoy Rebellion | animal fat greased bullet casings were against religion; forced to travel to places outside caste restrictions; sati abolished and divorce allowed | 33 | |
| 6483713144 | Afrikaners | people of white descent in South Africa (French/Dutch) | 34 | |
| 6483713147 | Australia | first sighted by Portuguese in 17th cent., colonized by English; Aborigines and Maori died off mostly; was a penal [prison] colony | 35 | |
| 6483713153 | Sultan Mahmud II | Ruler of Ottoman Empire during their conflicts with Greece & Russia, forms new army under a more European system (no janissaries) | 36 | |
| 6483713154 | Tanzimat Reforms | Ottoman reform; French/German training, general education, foreign instructors, language, urban wealth, clothing, equal taxation, equal access to courts for males, women lose inheritance | 37 | |
| 6483713159 | Qing China | restored peace and promoted expansion of agricultural economy | 38 | |
| 6483713161 | Opium War 1839-1850 | War between Qing Dynasty & British; ends w/ Treaty of Nanking which allowed British free trade and extraterritoriality | 39 | |
| 6483713162 | Taiping Rebellion 1850-1864 | Civil war between Manchu/Qing rulers and the followers of Hong Xiuquan | 40 | |
| 6483713167 | Karl Marx | wrote Communist Manifesto, despised capitalism wanted to ranslate his intellect into political action | 41 | |
| 6483713169 | Italian unification | popular leaders with influence favored unification, Pope and Austria opposed it as Austria lost land; added Venetia and Papal states to territory | 42 | |
| 6483713170 | German unification | wars led by Prussia divided German speakers among Prussia, West Austria, etc. Franco-Prussian War | 43 | |
| 6483713172 | Otto Van Bismarck | Host of the Berlin Conference of 1884, formed loose coalition with Austria, Hungary, and Russia (Triple Alliance) which formed a strong sense of national unity | 44 | |
| 6483713174 | Russia | Czar Alexander II ended serfdom in 1861 | 45 | |
| 6483713175 | Russo-Japanese War | 1904-05; fought over China, Japan won, formation of Dama in Russia | 46 | |
| 6483713177 | Matthew C Perry | American Commodore sent by President Pierce to Japan with fleet of steam worships to demand Japan open trade in 1853 | 47 | |
| 6483713178 | Meiji Restoration | 1868-1894; military reform, industrialization, science, engineering; was easy because Japan had a history of adaptation; raised money through taxes and selling government land | 48 | |
| 6483713179 | Japanese Imperialism | authoritarian constitutional monarchy; sphere of influence in Korea/Manchuria/China | 49 | |
| 6483713184 | Leopold II of Belgium | Took portions of Africa as a privately owned colony; wanted rubber from Congo | 50 | |
| 6483713185 | Berlin Conference 1885 | Imperial countries met to split up Africa | 51 | |
| 6483713186 | Cecil Rhodes | used British South African Company to take over land in Central Africa = Rhodesia | 52 | |
| 6483713187 | Boer War 1899-1902 | South African War, between English and Afrikaners; through Armistice treaty all joined collectively and formed the Union of South Africa in 1910 | 53 | |
| 6483713188 | apartheid | by Afrikaners and Union until mid 90s | 54 | |
| 6483713191 | Spanish American War | Philippines annexed in 1898; also gained Guam, Cuba, Puerto Rico) | 55 | |
| 6483713192 | Monroe Doctrine | Policy that established Latin America as "off limits" to other nations influence outside of the United States | 56 | |
| 6483713193 | Panama Canal 1903 | east to west travel, exploited Panama, took advantage of government | 57 | |
| 6483774022 | Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen | Document published by the National Assembly of France - considered to be the founding document of the French Revolution | 58 | |
| 6483778973 | Jamaica Letter | Document written by Simon Bolivar trying to call Latin Americans of all social classes to unite against Spain | 59 | |
| 6483786450 | Ruanda-Urundi | German controlled colony in Africa | 60 | |
| 6483790178 | Capitalism | System of economics that focuses on control of businesses by private ownership rather than the state | 61 | |
| 6483801248 | Cesare Beccaria | Italian philosopher, believed that education was the key to reducing crime and that punishment should be equal (based on the crime, not the criminal) | 62 | |
| 6483815113 | Thomas Jefferson | American politician and philosopher; believed that the majority of people make right choices when given opportunities; limited government | 63 | |
| 6483822594 | Mary Wollenstonecraft | Early British feminist; worked for equal rights regardless of gender | 64 | |
| 6483828714 | Seneca Falls Convention | 1848, first women's rights gathering; held in New York; unity between US & British women's suffrage movements | 65 | |
| 6483834623 | War of 1812 | United States vs Britain vs Native Americans; restrictions on trade due to the Napoleonic Wars between Britain and France; results in growing US nationalism & stronger US military | 66 | |
| 6483833530 | Xhosa Cattle Killings | 1856-57 in South Africa; local resistance movement against the British colonizers; results in mass starvation and and massacre | 67 | |
| 6487108446 | Social Darwinism | Belief that your race is inherently superior to another race; used to justify political conservatism, imperialism, and racism | 68 | |
| 6487121261 | Self-strengthening movement | Chinese philosophy from the 19th century; reforms should include Westernizing military & education tactics, while maintaining Chinese culture | 69 | |
| 6487184140 | Joseph Jaquard | Invented first loom that could create mass-produced patterned textiles using punched cards; pioneer of early computing technology | 70 |