AP World History Chapter 4 Culture and Religion Flashcards

7466996179	Ahura Mazda	Zoroastrianism good god who rules the world.	0
7466999248	Angra Mainyu	Zoroastrianism, evil god, engaged in a cosmic struggle with Ahura Mazda.	1
7467004217	Aristotle	Greek polymath philosopher(384-322 B.C.E.); student of Plato, d teacher of Alexander the Great	2
7467006073	Atman	Human soul, which in classic Hindu belief seeks union with Brahman.	3
7467006921	Ban Zhao	Major female Confucian author(Han dynasty 45-116 C.E.) works give insight into the implication of Confucian thinking for women.	4
7467008400	Bhagavad Gita	Great Hindu epic text, part of larger Mahabharata, affirms performance of caste duties as path to religious liberation.	5
7467009901	bhakti movement	Immensely popular development in Hinduism, advocating intense devotion toward a particular deity.	6
7467010930	Brahman	World Soul or final reality in upanishadic Hindu belief.	7
7467012466	Brahmins	The priestly caste of India.	8
7467015793	Buddhism	Cultural, religious tradition first enunciated by Siddhartha Gautama.	9
7467019961	Confucianism	Chinese philosophy, advocating moral example of superiors as the key element of social order.	10
7467022014	Kong Fuzi	Founder Confucianism (551-479 B.C.E.); aristocrat of northern China became greatest influence on Chinese culture in its history	11
7467024657	Constantine	Roman emperor (r. 306-337 C.E.) conversion to Christianity paved way for triumph of Christianity in Europe	12
7467026426	Daodejing	Central text of Daoism; translated as The Way and Its Power	13
7467027472	Daoism	Chinese philosophy-popular religion advocates simplicity and understanding of world of nature, founded by legendary figure Laozi.	14
7467053604	filial piety	Honoring of one's ancestors and parents, key element of Confucianism.	15
7467055355	Greek rationalism	Secularizing system of scientific, philosophic thought developed in classical Greece (600 to 300 B.C.E.) emphasized power of education, human reason to understand world in nonreligious terms.	16
7467056515	Hinduism	Word derived from outsiders described vast diversity of indigenous Indian religious traditions	17
7467058804	Hippocrates	Influential Greek medical theorist (ca. 460-ca. 370 B.C.E.); father of medicine.	18
7467060467	Isaiah	Important Jewish prophet, teachings show transformation of religion in favor of compassion and social justice (eighth century B.C.E.).	19
7467061562	Jesus of Nazareth	prophet/God of Christianity (ca. 4 B.C.E.-ca. 30 C.E.).	20
7467063342	Judaism	Monotheistic religion developed by Hebrews, emphasized sole personal god (Yahweh) with concerns for social justice.	21
7467065670	Karma	Hinduism, determining factor of level at which individual reincarnated, based on purity of action and fulfillment of duty in the prior existence.	22
7467071377	Laozi	Legendary Chinese philosopher(6th century B.C.E.);founder of Daoism.	23
7467072121	Legalism	Chinese philosophy distinguished adherence-clear laws w/ vigorous punishments	24
7467076322	Mahayana	"Great Vehicle," popular development(Buddhism) early centuries of Common Era, gives greater role to supernatural beings, more popular than original (Theravada) Buddhism.	25
7467081641	moksha	Hindu belief, liberation from separate existence, union with Brahman.	26
7467084191	nirvana	End goal-Buddhism,individual identity "extinguished" state of serenity, great compassion.	27
7467085738	Plato	Disciple of Socrates - Dialogues convey teachings of his master while going beyond them to express Plato's own philosophy; lived from 429 to 348 B.C.E.	28
7467086858	Pythagoras	Major Greek philosopher (ca. 560-ca. 480 B.C.E.) believed that unchanging mathematical order underlies apparent chaos of world.	29
7467093540	Saint Paul	First great popularizer of Christianity (10-65 C.E.).	30
7467096332	Siddhartha Gautama	Indian prince turned ascetic (ca. 566-ca. 486 B.C.E.) founded Buddhism.)	31
7467100001	Socrates	First great Greek philosopher-turned rationalism toward questions of human existence (469-399 B.C.E.).	32
7467102563	Thales of Miletus	Greek natural philosopher (ca. 624-ca. 547 B.C.E.), noted for application of reason to astronomy and for his questioning of the fundamental nature of the universe.	33
7467103465	Theodosius	Roman emperor (r. 379-395 C.E.) made Christianity official religion of Roman state, banning all polytheistic rituals.	34
7467106366	Theravada	"The Teaching of the Elders," Buddhist early form, Buddha was wise teacher but not divine and which emphasizes practices rather than beliefs.	35
7467110877	Upanishads	Indian mystical and philosophical works, written between 800 and 400 B.C.E.	36
7467113560	Vedas	Earliest religious texts of India, collection of ancient poems, hymns, and rituals that were transmitted orally before being written down ca. 600 B.C.E.	37
7467115445	Warring States period	Period in China(403 to 221 B.C.E.)typified by disorder, political chaos.	38
7467117315	yin and yang	Expression of the Chinese belief in the unity of opposites	39
7467120003	Zarathustra	Persian prophet, traditionally dated 6th -7th century B.C.E. (perhaps much older), who founded Zoroastrianism.	40
7467122618	Zhuangzi	A Chinese philosopher (369-286 B.C.E.) who spelled out the teachings of Daoism.	41
7467125125	Zoroastrianism	Persian monotheistic religion founded by the prophet Zarathustra.	42