AP World History: Chapter 16 Flashcards

8158567301	indulgence	the forgiveness of the punishment due for past sins, granted by the Catholic Church authorities as a reward for a pious act	0
8158567302	Protestant Reformation	religious reform movement within the Latin Christian Church beginning in 1519. It resulted in the "protesters" forming several new Christian denominations, including the Lutheran and reformed churches and the Church of England	1
8158567303	Catholic Reformation	religious reform movement within the Latin Christian Church, begun in response to the Protestant Reformation	2
8158567304	witch-hunt	the pursuit of people suspected of witchcraft especially in northern Europe in the late 16th and 17th	3
8158567305	scientific revolution	the intellectual movement in Europe, initial is associated with planetary motion and other aspects of physics, that by the 17th century had laid ground for modern science	4
8158567306	enlightenment	a philosophical movement in 18th century Europe that fostered the belief that one could reform society by discovering rational law that governed social behavior and that were just as scientific as the laws of physics	5
8158567307	bourgeoisie	the early modern Europe, the class of well off town dwellers whose wealth came from manufacturing, finance, and commerce, and allied professions	6
8158567308	joint-stock company	a business, often backed by a government charter, that sold shares to individuals to raise money for its trading enterprises and to spread the risks among many investors	7
8158567309	stock exchange	a place where shares in a company or business enterprise are brought or sold	8
8158567310	Little Ice Age	a century long period of cool climate that began in the 1590's. Its ill effects on agriculture in northern Europe were notable	9
8158567311	gentry	in China, the class of prosperous families next in wealth below the rural aristocrats, from which the emperors drew their administrative personnel	10
8158567312	deforestation	the removal of trees faster than forest can replace	11
8158567313	Holy Roman Empire	loose federation of mostly German states and principalities, headed by an emperor elected by princes	12
8158567314	Habsburg	a powerful European family that provided many Holy Roman Emperors, founded the Austrian Empire, and ruled 16th and 17th century Spain	13
8158567315	English Civil War	a controlled over royal versus parliament rights, caused by King Charles I's arrest of his parliamentary critics	14
8158567316	Versailles	A palace built by Louis XIV outside of Paris; it was home to Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette	15
8158567317	balance of power	Condition of roughly equal strength between opposing countries or alliances of countries.	16
8158567318	Renaissance European	a period of intense artistic and intellectual activity	17
8158567319	papacy	The central administration of the Roman Catholic Church, of which the pope is the head.	18