AP World History 2 Chapter 14 Terms Flashcards

The terms and definitions for the vocabulary terms in Ways of the World: Chapter 15.

6165986150	trading post empire	Form of imperial dominance based on control of trade rather than on control of subject peoples.	0
6165986151	Tokugawa shogunate	Military rulers of Japan who successfully united Japan politically by the seventeenth century and established a "closed door" policy toward European encroachments.	1
6165986152	Spanish Philippines	An archipelago of Pacific islands colonized by Spain in a relatively bloodless that extended for the century or so after 1565, a process accompanied by a major effort at evangelization; the Spanish named them the Philippine Islands after King Philip II of Spain.	2
6165986153	"soft gold"	Nickname used in the early modern period for animal furs, highly valued for their warmth and as symbols of elite status; in several regions, the fur trade generated massive wealth for those who engaged in it.	3
6165986154	"silver drain"	Term often used to describe the siphoning of money from Europe to pay for the luxury products of the East, a process exacerbated by the fact that Europe had few trade goods that were desirable in Eastern markets; eventually, the bulk of the world's silver supply made its way to China.	4
6165986155	shogun	In Japan, a supreme military commander.	5
6165986156	samurai	The warrior elite of medieval Japan.	6
6165986157	Potosi	City that developed high in the Andes (in present-day Bolivia) at the site of the world's largest silver mine and became the largest city in the Americas, with a population of some 160,000 in the 1570s.	7
6165986158	piece of eight	Standard Spanish coin that became a medium of exchange in North America, Europe, India, Russia, and West Africa as well as in the Spanish Empire; so called because it was worth 8 reales.	8
6165986159	Middle Passage	Name commonly given to the journey across the Atlantic undertaken by African slaves being shipped to the Americas.	9
6165986160	Manila	Capitol of the Spanish Philippines and a major multicultural trade city that already had a population of more than 40,000 by 1600.	10
6165986161	Ferdinand Magellan	Portuguese mariner who commanded the first European (Spanish) fleet to circumnavigate the globe (1519-1521).	11
6165986162	Little Ice Age	A period of cooling temperatures and harsh winters that lasted for much of the early modern area.	12
6165986163	Indian Ocean commercial network	The massive, interconnected web of commerce in premodern times between the lands that bordered on the Indian Ocean (including East Africa, India, and Southeast Asia); the network was badly disrupted by Portuguese intrusion beginning around 1500.	13
6165986164	Hurons	Native American people of northeastern North America who were heavily involved in the fur trade.	14
6165986165	daimyo	Feudal lords of Japan who ruled with virtual independence thanks to their bands of samurai warriors.	15
6165986166	Dahomey	West African kingdom that became strong through its rulers' exploitation of the slave trade.	16
6165986167	cartaz	A pass that the Portuguese required of all merchant vessels attempting to trade in the Indian Ocean.	17
6165986168	British/Dutch East India companies	Private trading companies chartered by the governments of England and the Netherlands around 1600; they were given monopolies on Indian Ocean trade, including the right to make war and to rule conquered peoples.	18
6165986169	Banda Islands	Infamous case of the Dutch forcibly taking control of the spice trade; nearly the entire population of these nutmeg-producing islands was killed or enslaved and then replaced with Dutch planters.	19
6165986170	Benin	West African kingdom (in what is now Nigeria) whose strong kings sharply limited engagement with the slave trade.	20
6165986171	African diaspora	Name given to the spread of African peoples across the Atlantic via the slave trade.	21