APES- Chapter 2 Flashcards

4834028495	Mass	A measure of the amount of matter an object contains.	0
4834029412	Atom	The smallest particle that can contain the chemical properties of an element.	1
4834030762	Element	A substance composed of atoms that cannot be broken down into smaller, simpler components.	2
4834032679	Molecule	A particle that contains more than one atom.	3
4834033314	Compound	A molecule containing more than one element.	4
4834033892	Atomic number	The number of protons in the nucleus of a particular element.	5
4834034662	Mass number	A measurement of the total number of protons and neutrons in an element.	6
4834035752	Isotopes	Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.	7
4834036603	Radioactive decay	The spontaneous release of material from the nucleus of radioactive isotopes.	8
4834037704	Half life	The time it takes for one-half of an original radioactive parent atom to decay.	9
4834039102	Covalent bond	The bond formed when elements share electrons.	10
4834040937	Ionic bond	A chemical bond between two ions of opposite charges.	11
4834041942	Hydrogen bond	A weak chemical bond that forms when hydrogen atoms that are covalently bonded to one atom are attracted to another atom on another molecule.	12
4834045593	Polar molecule	A molecule in which one side is more positive and the other side is more negative.	13
4834047214	Surface tension	A property of water that results from the cohesion of water molecules at the surface of a body of water and that creates a sort of skin on the water's surface.	14
4834052278	Capillary action	A property of water that occurs when adhesion of water molecules to a surface is stronger than cohesion between the molecules.	15
4834053701	Acid	A substance that contributes hydrogen ions to a solution.	16
4836048497	Base	A substance that contributes hydroxide ions to a solution.	17
4836048858	pH	The number that indicates the relative strength of acids and bases in a substance.	18
4836050611	Chemical reaction	A reaction that occurs when atoms separate from molecules or recombine with other molecules.	19
4836054032	Law of conservation of matter	A law of nature stating that matter cannot be created or destroyed; it can only change from.	20
4836054894	Inorganic compound	A compound that does not contain the element carbon or or contains carbon bound to elements other that hydrogen.	21
4836056737	Organic compound	A compound that contains carbon-carbon and carbon-hydrogen bonds.	22
4836057276	Carbohydrate	A compound composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms.	23
4836058583	Protein	A critical component of living organism made up of a long chain of nitrogen-containing organic molecules known as amino acids.	24
4836059677	Nucleic acid	Organic compounds found in all living cells.	25
4836060130	DNA	Deoxyribonucleic acid. Carries the genetic code.	26
4836061096	RNA	Ribonucleic acid. Translates the code stored in DNA which makes possible the synthesis of proteins.	27
4836062069	Lipid	Organic molecule that does not mix with water.	28
4836062734	Cell	A highly organized living entity that contains all the 4 types of macromolecules and other substances in a watery solution, surrounded by a membrane.	29
4836067047	Energy	The ability to do work or transfer heat.	30
4836067650	Joule	The amount of energy used when 1-watt electrical device is turned on for 1 second.	31
4836070062	Power	The rate at which work is done.	32
4836070506	Electromagnetic radiation	A form of energy emitted by the sun that includes, but is not limited to visible light, ultraviolet light, and infrared energy.	33
4836071243	Photon	A massless packet of energy that carries electromagnetic radiation at the speed of light.	34
4836071796	Potential energy	Stores energy that has not been released.	35
4836072281	Chemical energy	Potential energy stored in chemical bonds.	36
4836072657	Kinetic energy	The energy of motion.	37
4836073003	Temperature	The measure of the average kinetic energy of a substance.	38
4836073691	First Law of Thermodynamics	States that energy can neither be created nor destroyed but can change from one form to another.	39
4836075066	Second Law of Thermodynamics	States that when energy is transformed, the quantity of energy remains the same, but its ability to do work diminishes.	40
4836076387	Energy efficiency	The ratio of the amount of energy expended in the form you want to the total amount of energy that is introduced into the system.	41
4836077930	Energy quality	The ease with which an energy source can be used for work.	42
4836078932	Entropy	Randomness in a system.	43
4836079242	Open system	A system in which exchanges of matter or energy occur across system boundaries.	44
4836079781	Closed system	A system in which matter and energy exchanges do not occur across boundaries.	45
4836080431	Input	An addition to a system.	46
4836080636	Output	A loss from a system.	47
4836080828	Systems analysis	An analysis to determine inputs, outputs, and changes in a system under various conditions.	48
4836081507	Steady state	Inputs equal outputs so that the system is not changing over time.	49
4836084326	Negative feedback loop	When a system responds to a change by returning to its original state, or by decreasing the rate at which the change is occurring.	50
4836085688	Positive feedback loop	When a change in a system is amplified.	51
4836086247	Adaptive management plan	A plan that provides flexibility so that managers can modify it as changes occur.	52