Cell Division Flashcards
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| 6302220286 | 3 Reasons we make cells | Growth, Repair, Reproduction | 0 | |
| 6302224170 | Cells cannot get too large because... | DNA does not increase with cell size, harder to get needed materials and remove waste | 1 | |
| 6302228424 | Cell Division (definition) | The process where a cell divides into two cells Each cell gets a new copy of DNA | 2 | |
| 6302235909 | Binary Fission | Asexual form of cell division in a single celled organism | 3 | |
| 6302241741 | 2 Stages of Cell Division in Eukaryotic Cells | Interphase and M Phase | 4 | |
| 6302244304 | Interphase | Period of growth between divisions | 5 | |
| 6302247131 | M Phase (Cell Division) | When the cell divides | 6 | |
| 6302260212 | Chromatin | Long thin strands attached to histone proteins | 7 | |
| 6302262806 | Histones | proteins that chromatin coils around | 8 | |
| 6302266225 | Chromosome | Structure of DNA and proteins that contains genetic information | 9 | |
| 6302274444 | Parts of Chromosomes | Chromatid and Centromere | 10 | |
| 6302281718 | Chromatids | Two parts of a chromosome that contain replicated copy of DNA | 11 | |
| 6302284195 | Centromere | The spot where the chromatids are connected | 12 | |
| 6302288400 | Sister Chromatids | Replicated DNA, identical to original chromosome | 13 | |
| 6302298547 | Three Phases of Cell Cycle | Interphase, Mitosis, Cytokinesis | 14 | |
| 6302300786 | Mitosis | Cell division that results in two daughter cells having the same number and kind of chromosomes as parent cells. |  | 15 |
| 6302302656 | Cytokinesis | Actual splitting of cytoplasm forming 2 new daughter cells | 16 | |
| 6302307770 | Interphase (3 parts) | G1, S, G2 | 17 | |
| 6302310342 | G1 (Growth 1) | Major growth of cell and protein synthesis | 18 | |
| 6302313459 | S (Synthesis) | DNA Replication | 19 | |
| 6302313460 | G2 (Growth 2) | More growth and protein synthesis | 20 | |
| 6302320835 | 4 Phases of Mitosis (PMAT) | Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase | 21 | |
| 6302323755 | Prophase | DNA coils into chromosomes Nuclear envelope starts to break down Spindle starts to form from centrioles |  | 22 |
| 6302329770 | Centrioles | Organelle in animal cells that is involved in cell division. It creates the spindles. | 23 | |
| 6302331811 | Metaphase | Chromosomes line up at the center of cell Spindles connect to each chromosome |  | 24 |
| 6302334118 | Anaphase | Chomatids break apart Chromosomes move to opposite ends of the cell |  | 25 |
| 6302336730 | Telophase | New nuceli form - nuclear envelope reappears Chromosomes start to uncoil Mitotic spindle disappears |  | 26 |
| 6302346308 | Cytokinesis (Plants vs. Animals) | Animal Cells - the cell membrane gets pinched in the center of the cell Plant cells - a cell plate forms, which will turn into a new cell wall and cell membrane | 27 | |
| 6345134480 | Cleavage furrow | Area where two cells are being pinched apart during cytokinesis |  | 28 |
| 6345142722 | Prokaryotic cells | Use binary fission for cell division. |  | 29 |
| 6345144149 | Eukaryotic cells | Use the cell cycle (interphase, mitosis, cytokinesis) for cell division | 30 | |
| 6345152412 | Spindle fibers | Microtubules that are formed by centrioles that pulls chromatids apart. |  | 31 |
| 6360216974 | Metaphase (picture) | | 32 | |
| 6360218409 | Anaphase (picture) |  | 33 | |
| 6360220050 | Telophase (picture) |  | 34 | |
| 6360221430 | Prophase (picture) | | 35 | |
| 6360222987 | Interphase (picture) |  | 36 | |
| 6440118970 | Cancer | disorder that results from uncontrolled cell growth & division | 37 | |
| 6440122614 | apoptosis | programmed cell death that brings cell cycle to an end | 38 | |
| 6440125755 | External regulators | Things outside cell that control the cell cycle | 39 | |
| 6440125771 | Internal regulators | Things inside cell that control cell cycle | 40 | |
| 6440129789 | Checkpoints | Areas where cells are checked before they move on to the next phase of the cell cycle | 41 | |
| 6440131348 | Growth factor | Example of an External regulator | 42 | |
| 6440135160 | Checkpoint | Example of an Internal regulator | 43 | |
| 6440140577 | Two ways cells know when to stop dividing | Outside signals tell cells when to divide Most cells stop dividing when they touch other cells | 44 | |
| 6440146132 | 4 ways cancer cells are different from normal cells | Cells don't respond to normal regulators Can invade other tissues/organs Don't go through apoptosis Damaged DNA | 45 | |
| 6440150643 | Tumor | abnormal mass of cells | 46 | |
| 6440150644 | Benign | Noncancerous tumor that does not spread | 47 | |
| 6440153625 | Malignant | Cancerous tumor that spreads to other tissues/organs | 48 | |
| 6440173140 | 3 types of cancer treatment | Radiation therapy Surgery Chemotherapy | 49 | |
| 6440176148 | Surgery | Cancer treatment used to remove tumor/cancer cells. Used on benign tumors or when cancer is in one specific area. | 50 | |
| 6440179001 | Radiation therapy | Cancer treatment that uses high energy waves like x-rays to change or destroy cancer cells. Used to target malignant tumors in specific areas. | 51 | |
| 6440189222 | Chemotherapy | Cancer treatment used to treat cancer that has spread throughout body. Targets fast growing cells. | 52 | |
| 6440197170 | Fast growing cells | Type of cells chemotherapy targets. | 53 | |
| 6440205856 | Embryo | Early stage of development. When it grows, its cells become different from one another. |  | 54 |
| 6440211598 | Differentiation | the process where cells become specialized (perform certain jobs) |  | 55 |
| 6440214706 | Stem cells | Unspecialized cells that develop into other types of cells |  | 56 |
| 6440218142 | Embryonic Adult | Types of stem cells | 57 | |
| 6440221835 | Embryonic stem cell | Type of stem cell that can turn into any type of cell in the body. | 58 | |
| 6440223635 | Adult stem cell | Type of stem cell that can only turn into certain types of cells (based on origin) | 59 | |
| 6440229158 | Application of stem cells | Fix damaged cells/tissues Rebuild organs & tissues | 60 | |
| 6440233983 | Ethical issues of stem cells | Stem cells are extracted from 4-5 day old embryos and destroys embryo in the process. | 61 | |
| 6440243759 | Reasons apoptosis occurs | DNA is damaged Cell is old & not functioning properly | 62 | |
| 6440247479 | Benefits of apoptosis | Removes damaged/non functioning cells & prevents them from multiplying. | 63 |