Biochemistry Flashcards
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| 3027012561 | Covalent bond | type of chemical bond formed when atoms share electrons. | 0 | |
| 3027012562 | Hydrogen bond | weak electrostatic bond formed by the attraction of opposite charges between a hydrogen atom and an oxygen, fluorine, or nitrogen atom. | 1 | |
| 3027012563 | Molecule | compound whose atoms are held together by covalent bonds. | 2 | |
| 3027012564 | Macromolecule | large molecule formed by joining smaller organic molecules together. | 3 | |
| 3027012565 | Polymer | large molecule formed from smaller repeating units of identical, or nearly identical, compounds linked by covalent bonds. | 4 | |
| 3027012566 | Monomer | A single molecule that can be combined with other molecules of the same type to form a more complex molecule. | 5 | |
| 3027012567 | Biomolecule | A molecule that is produced by living things. | 6 | |
| 3027012568 | Carbohydrate | organic compound containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom. | 7 | |
| 3027012569 | Lipid | A biomolecule composed entirely of carbon and hydrogen and oxygen in a 2:1 ratio. | 8 | |
| 3027012570 | Fatty Acid | An energy-containing biomolecule composed of a carboxylic acid attached to a long hydrocarbon chain. | 9 | |
| 3027012571 | Protein | A biomolecule made of one or more amino acid polymers joined by peptide bonds, folded into a complex structure that performs a specific function. | 10 | |
| 3027012572 | Amino acid | carbon compound joined by peptide bonds; building block of proteins. | 11 | |
| 3027012573 | Nucleic acid | complex macromolecule that stores and communicates genetic information. | 12 | |
| 3027012574 | Nucleotide | a subunit of nucleic acid formed from a simple sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. | 13 | |
| 3027012575 | Chemical reaction | energy-requiring process by which atoms or groups of atoms in substances are changed into different substances. | 14 | |
| 3027012576 | Dehydration synthesis | a chemical reaction that involves the loss of a water molecule from the reacting molecule. (Water removed) | 15 | |
| 3027012577 | Hydrolysis | the chemical breakdown of a compound due to reaction with water. (Water added) | 16 | |
| 3027012578 | Enzyme | protein that speeds up a biological reaction by lowering the activation energy needed to start the reaction. | 17 | |
| 3027012579 | Active site | specific place where a substrate binds on an enzyme. | 18 | |
| 3027012580 | Activation energy | minimum amount of energy needed for reactants to form products in a chemical reaction. | 19 | |
| 3027012581 | Substrate | reactant to which an enzyme binds. | 20 | |
| 3027012582 | Reactant | substance that exists before a chemical reaction starts; located on the left side of the arrow in a chemical equation. | 21 | |
| 3027012583 | Product | substance formed by a chemical reaction; located on the right side of the arrow in a chemical equation. | 22 | |
| 3027012584 | Mixture | combination of two or more different substances in which each substance keeps its individual characteristics. | 23 | |
| 3027012585 | Solvent | substance in which another substance is dissolved. | 24 | |
| 3027012586 | Solute | substance dissolved in a solvent. | 25 | |
| 3027012587 | Solution | homogeneous mixture formed when a substance (the solute) is dissolved in another substance (the solvent). | 26 | |
| 3027012588 | Acid | substance that releases hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water; an acidic solution has a pH less than 7. | 27 | |
| 3027012589 | Base | substance that releases hydroxide ions (OH−) when dissolved in water; a basic solution has a pH greater than 7. | 28 | |
| 3027022399 | Organic | of, relating to, or derived from living matter | 29 |