Chapter 3 - AP Biology Flashcards
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| 7406169763 | Polar molecule | A molecule (such as water) with opposite charges on opposite sides. | 0 | |
| 7406169764 | Cohesion | hydrogen bonds that hold a substance together | 1 | |
| 7406169765 | Adhesion | the clinging of one substance to another | 2 | |
| 7406169766 | Surface tension | a measure of how difficult it is to to stretch or break the surface of a liquid | 3 | |
| 7406169767 | Kinetic energy | the energy of motion | 4 | |
| 7406169768 | Heat | a measure of the total amount of kinetic energy due to molecular motion in a body of matter | 5 | |
| 7406169769 | Temperature | measures the intensity of heat due to average kinetic energy of the molecules | 6 | |
| 7406169770 | Celsius scale | A temperature scale that measures the freezing point of water at 0°C and the boiling point of water at 100°C | 7 | |
| 7406169771 | Calorie (cal) | the amount heat it takes to raise the temperature of 1 g of water by 1 degree C (or the amount of heat that 1 g of water releases when it cools by 1 degree C) | 8 | |
| 7406169772 | Kilocalorie (kcal) | (1,000 calories) is the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of water by 1 degree C | 9 | |
| 7406169773 | Joule | a unit of energy | 10 | |
| 7406169774 | Specific heat | the amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost for 1 g of that substance to change its temperature by 1 degree C | 11 | |
| 7406169775 | Heat of vaporization | the quantity of heat a liquid must absorb for 1 g of it to be converted from the liquid to the gaseous state | 12 | |
| 7406169776 | Evaporative cooling | when a liquid evaporates, the surface of the liquid that remains behind cools down - this occurs because the "hottest" molecules, those with the greatest kinetic energy, are most likely to leave as gas | 13 | |
| 7406169777 | Solution | a liquid that is a completely homogeneous mixture of two or more substances | 14 | |
| 7406169778 | Solvent | the dissolving agent of a solution | 15 | |
| 7406169779 | Solute | the substance that is dissolved by the solvent | 16 | |
| 7406169780 | Aqueous solution | a solution in which water is the solvent | 17 | |
| 7406169781 | Hydration shell | the sphere of water molecules around each dissolved ion | 18 | |
| 7406169782 | Hydrophilic | any substance that has an affinity (love) for water | 19 | |
| 7406169783 | Colloid | a stable suspension of fine particles in a liquid | 20 | |
| 7406169784 | Hydrophobic | substances that are nonionic and nonpolar that actually seem to repel water | 21 | |
| 7406169785 | Molecular mass | the sum of the masses of all the atoms in a molecule | 22 | |
| 7406169786 | Mole (mol) | The number of grams of a substance that equals its molecular weight in daltons and contains Avogadro's number of molecules. | 23 | |
| 7406169787 | Molarity | the number of moles of solute per liter of solution, is the concentration most often used by biologists for aqueous solutions | 24 | |
| 7406169788 | Hydrogen ion | a single proton with a charge of 1+ left | 25 | |
| 7406169789 | Hydroxide ion (OH-) | a water molecule that has lost a H+ | 26 | |
| 7406169790 | Hydronium ion (H30+) | when a proton binds to another water molecule | 27 | |
| 7406169791 | Acid | a substance that increase the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution | 28 | |
| 7406169792 | Base | a substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution | 29 | |
| 7406169793 | Buffers | substances that minimize changes in the concentration of H+ and OH- in a solution | 30 | |
| 7406169794 | Acid precipitation | rain, snow, or fog with a pH lower or more acidic than pH 5.6 | 31 |