Intelligence (AP) Flashcards

6636171434	intelligence	mental quality consisting of the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations	0
6636171435	intelligence test	a method for assessing an individual's mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others, using numerical scores	1
6636171436	general intelligence (g)	a general intelligence factor that, according to Spearman, underlies specific mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test	2
6636171437	savant syndrome	a condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill, such as in computation or drawing	3
6636171438	mental age	a measure of intelligence test performance devised by Binet; the chronological age that most typically corresponds to a given level of performance. Thus, a child who does as well as the average 8-year-old is said to have a mental age of 8.	4
6636171439	Stanford-Binet	the widely used American revision (by Terman at Stanford University) of Binet's original intelligence test	5
6636171440	intelligence quotient (IQ)	the ratio of mental age (ma) to chronological age (ca) multiplied by 100 (ma/ca x 100)	6
6636171441	achievement test	a test designed to assess what a person has learned	7
6636171442	aptitude test	a test designed to predict a person's future performance, their capacity to learn	8
6636171443	standardization	defining meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested group	9
6636171444	normal curve	the symmetrical, bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes. Most scores fall near the average, and fewer and fewer scores lie near the extremes	10
6636171445	reliability	the extent to which a test yields consistent results	11
6636171446	validity	the extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to	12
6636171447	content validity	the extent to which a test samples the behavior that is of interest	13
6636171448	predictive validity	the success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict; it is assessed by computing the correlation between test scores and the criterion behavior	14
6636171449	practical intelligence	according to Sternberg, this is realistic and useful thinking abilities "street smarts"	15
6636171450	analytical intelligence	according to Sternberg, this is logical reasoning typically measured on IQ tests "books smarts"	16
6636171451	creative intelligence	according to Sternberg, inventive problem-solving abilities required to generate new ideas and learn from experience	17
6636171452	Sternberg	proposed the triarchic theory of intelligence (practical, analytical, and creative)	18
6636171453	Spearman	proposed the two-factor theory of intelligence, that we have one main general intelligence (g-factor) and specific abilities (s-factors)	19
6636171454	Gardner	proposed the theory of multiple intelligence, claiming there are eight different types	20
6636171455	emotional intelligence	the ability to recognize emotion in others and in oneself and incorporate knowledge about emotion into reasoning and thought processes (empathy)	21
6636171456	Flynn effect	the average IQ has been raising over successive generations (due to changes in accessibility of education and educational curriculum)	22
6636171457	culture-fair test	tests designed to allow all individuals, regardless of culture, to perform equally well, trying to overcome cultural bias in testing	23
6636171458	culture-relevant test	test that focuses on skills and knowledge that are specific to a particular culture and administer only to members of the culture for which it was designed	24
6636171459	crystallized intelligence	accumulated knowledge (education, facts, trivia, life skills) and verbal skills; tends to increase with age	25
6636171460	fluid intelligence	the ability to reason speedily and abstractly; tends to decrease during late adulthood	26