AP Psychology Unit 2 Flashcards

5790923190	amygdala	Jeanette suffers from focal epilepsy (seizures localized in just 1 part of brain). Her seizures trigger extreme emotions - most often extreme fear followed by a rage response. When she is not having seizures Jeanette has trouble recognizing emotions in other people. What part of the limbic is being affected?	0
5790923191	motor cortex	Uncle Ed suffered a stroke which damaged a portion of his cortex. He shows some weakness and partial paralysis of his right leg. What area of his cortex was affected by the stroke?	1
5790923192	somatosensory cortex	My fingers are more sensitive than my elbow so they must have more cortical tissue in "this" area	2
5790923193	temporal lobe	Extensive damage here impacts my hearing, comprehension & possibly facial recognition - this is going to make school a real struggle	3
5790923194	thalamus	Allie was having a really bad week. On Monday while she was studying her vision got blurrier & blurrier until she could no longer see at all. On Tuesday she found she couldn't hear. On Wednesday her sense of taste went. On Thursday she lost her sense of touch. Her CAT scan revealed a single brain tumor was probably producing all of these deficits. What part of the lower brain is involved in all of these sensory processes?	4
5790923195	visual cortex	- in occipital lobe, above cerebellum - receives visual input from retinas - if damaged - loss of vision, partial/ complete blindness	5
5790923196	Wernicke's area	Leon's car was broadsided by a semi causing Leon's head to smash against the driver's side window damaging his temporal lobe cortex. Now he can't understand what people say to him.	6
5790923197	angular gyrus	I can't read aloud to the class because I have damage to my...	7
5790923198	association areas	- integrates information from different receptors/ sensory areas that relay information to past experiences - if damaged - process of information slows down	8
5790923199	cerebral cortex	- gray wrinkled surface of a thin layer packed of neurons; divides into 4 lobes/2 hemispheres	9
5790923200	medulla	Walking down a dark N.Y. street late at night you suddenly feel the metal barrel of a pistol press against your head and hear the instructions "Don't move a muscle while I slip your wallet out of your pocket". Unfortunately you do move, the gun is fired and the bullet enters the brain. Breathing and heart beat stop almost immediately.	10
5790923201	neurotransmitter	- chemicals in terminal buttons that travel in the synaptic gap between neurons	11
5790923204	pituitary gland	Yikes! I've stopped growing AND can't get messages to my other glands.	12
5790923205	reticular formation	After falling through the ice on a local pond little Johnny was trapped under the icy water for 10 minutes before the rescuers finally got him out. They were able to resuscitate his pulse and breathing but he did not regain consciousness for days. Disturbance of what specific part of Johnny's brain might have resulted in coma???	13
5790923207	auditory cortex	- in the temporal lobe, beside ears - process auditory information - if damaged - loss of hearing	14
5790923208	pineal gland	Night to day, takes melatonin away	15
5790923209	major fissures	deep wrinkles that separate the lobes of the cerebrum	16
5790923210	glial cells	- "other" cells of Nervous System - cleans, feeds, and supports neurons - a.k.a. astrocytes - outnumber neurons 3 to 1	17
5790923211	cranium	- skull - protects brain - if damaged - head injury, skull fracture	18
5790923212	NS/ES feedback loop	Brain - pituitary gland - others glands - hormones - BACK to brain	19
5790923213	serotonin	SSRIs act as an agonist for "this" transmitter thanks to blocking reuptake	20
5790923214	dopamine	Gary the gambler releases "this" to his reward centers in the limbic system - too much: agitation ,anxiety, feelings of pleasure, high energy and libido, reward seeking, linked with schizophrenia too little: depression, muscle rigidity	21
5790923215	norepinephrine	Imbalance to this transmitter affects my mood and memory	22
5790923216	acetylcholine (ACh)	You're a contestant in a Survivor game and must use a blow-dart to kill small animals to eat for dinner. The poison on the blow-dart paralyzes the animal's muscles by interfering with the neurotransmitter than normally causes muscles to contract. Which transmitter is this?	23
5790923217	GABA	Major inhibitory transmitter that is associated with anxiety	24
5790923218	glutamate	Major excitatory transmitter, thank goodness this glutton helps with memory	25
5790923219	brain stem	- includes pons; medulla; midbrain - alertness, sleep, balance, startle response, basic vital life functions - if damaged - organ failure, difficulties balancing and moving	26
5790923220	Broca's area	- left frontal lobe, directly above temporal cortex - language production, comprehension of syntax - if damaged - broca's aphasia, repetitive speech	27
5790923221	cerebellum	On Justin's 21st birthday and he and his buddies celebrated a bit too much. When the police stopped Justin's car, he couldn't walk a straight line or balance on 1 foot. He nearly missed his face altogether when asked to touch his nose while his eyes were closed. What part of the brain has been impaired?	28
5790923222	corpus callosum	Gwen's brain has a congenital anomaly (a difference in brain anatomy that she was born with) - it lacks the main connection between the right and left hemispheres. What was Gwen born without	29
5790923223	frontal lobe	Brett was a superior student and had a full scholarship, but following a head injury he can no longer plan, organize or follow through with tasks necessary for school. Where was his injury?	30
5790923224	hippocampus	Paul suffered a case of encephalitis (a brain infection) while in college. He received good medical attention but still the infection damaged certain parts of his brain. He has been unable to store new long-term memories since his illness. What part of the brain did the encephalitis damage?	31
5790923225	hypothalamus	Jan suffered a concussion in an auto accident. Since that day she has noticed a dramatic decrease in her sexual libido, a lack of appetite, and an absence of thirst. What part of her brain might have been affected by the accident?	32
5790923226	limbic system	- includes amygdala, hippocampus, hypothalamus - emotional control center of the brain - if damaged - sense of smell impairments, uncontrolled emotions	33
5790923227	occipital lobe	Astronaut Buzz Aldrin reported seeing bright flashes of light during his mission. Scientists concluded that high energy cosmic waves must have stimulated his primary visual cortex. Where is this located?	34
5790923228	parietal lobe	- above temporal lobe, behind frontal lobe - receives and processes sensory information ( pain, touch, pressure), spatial attention - if damaged - difficulty reading, recognizing people; objects; or pain, lack of coordination	35
5790923229	pons	All his life Ron had been a good sleeper. He often napped in the library and, yes, even in class. Playing football this fall however he received a exceptionally hard blow to the back of his head and neck. Now he suffers insomnia regularly - even sleeping pills don't seem to work. What part of the brain related to sleep may have been damaged?	36
5790923230	Homeostasis	Body's self-regulating systemS to create / maintain balance - i.e. axon firing, sympathetic/parasympathetic	37
5790923232	dendrites	a branched fiber that extends outward from the main cell body and carries information into the neuron	38
5790923233	cell body	contains nucleus, connected to dendrites and axon	39
5790923235	axon	extended fiber that conducts information from the cell body to the terminal buttons; travels in the form of an electric charge (action potential)	40
5790923236	neural impulse	electrical signal traveling along an axon	41
5790923237	nodes of ranvier	allows an action potential to propagate quickly down an axon, small gaps form on axons between myelin sheath	42
5790923238	myelin sheath	insulating covering that surrounds an axon with multiple spiral layer of myelin	43
5790923239	axon terminals	bulb like structures at the end of an axon, which contains neurotransmitters that carry the neuron's message into the synapse (j)	44
5790923240	synapse	gap that serves as a communications link between neurons	45
5790923241	all or none principle	neuron either fires completely or doesn't fire at all	46
5790923242	EEG	- electroencephalogram - detects brain waives - generalize brain function - widely used in sleep and dreaming research	47
5790923243	CAT	- computerized axial tomography - 3D picture - X-Ray - look for tumor - would not get any information about how active parts of the brain are	48
5790923244	MRI	- magnetic resonance imaging - similar to CAT scan - more detailed picture - uses magnetic field to measure the density and location of brain material - gives information about the structure of the brain	49
5790923245	PET	- position emission tomography - see what areas of the brain are most active during certain task - how much of a certain chemical parts of the brain are using	50
5790923246	Functional MRI	- combines MRI and PET scan - shows details of brain structure with information about book flow in brain	51
5790923247	Central NS	- central nervous system - brain and spinal cord	52
5790923248	Peripheral NS	You're taking a short cut thru a back yard to get to your car and encounter 2 unrestrained pit bulls that catch sight of you & begin pursuit. You run faster than you have ever run before, & dive into your car just in the nick of time. It takes 10 minutes for your pulse & breathing to slow down to normal. What part of the nervous system calms down your body in this situation?	53
5790923249	efferent neurons	- motor - sends information to body parts for movement	54
5790923250	afferent neurons	- sensory - information to CNS from body parts	55
5790923251	agonist	blocks re-uptake, excites, mimics	56
5790923252	antagonist	prevents release, blocks, inhibits	57
5790923253	resting potential	neuron ready to fire	58
5790923254	excitatory neurotransmitter	neurotransmitters makes the receiving neuron MORE likely to generate an action potential	59
5790923255	inhibitory neurotransmitter	neurotransmitters makes the receiving neuron LESS likely to generate an action potential	60
5790923256	lesion	natural or man made destruction of brain tissue	61
5790923257	plasticity	the ability for a brain hemisphere to adapt and do functions the other side did	62
5790923258	glutamate	- excitatory neurotransmitter - memory	63
5790923259	endocrine system	system of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream ( controlled by hypothalamus)	64
8082055489	Cerebral Lateralization	It is difficult to swing your leg 1 direction & write in cursive at the same time/side due	65
8082420629	Low heritability	Students come from all over the world to attend UCLA. Would heritability of intelligence be?	66
8082434694	High heritability	Drew recently adopted 2 infants who are only a few month apart in age, but not biologically related. He raises them as if they are twins, treating them almost identically. Would intellectual differences be estimated as having low or high heritability?	67
8082439588	Reuptake	SSRIs are agonists because they block "this" process & leave more serotonin in the synapse	68
8082468279	Left hand	Marci is a split brain patient. When her eyes are closed and an object is placed in one of her hands, she cannot name the object. Which hand is the object in?	69
8082523681	Critical periods	Because Oxana was raised by dogs from age 3 to 6, she acts just like them. This occurred during her...	70
8082661767	Aphasia	What is the name of the condition that has impaired use of language due to damage of the cortex?	71
8108607031	Somatic Nervous System	Needing to walk across the room to pick up papers, this branch makes you get out of your desk & move.	72
8108638422	Autonomic Nervous System	This branch controls automatic / unconscious body functions - including both arousal and calming	73
8108662317	Evolutionary Perspective	Although it contains hindsight bias, it does look at selective breeding & historically universal mating preferences	74
8108680356	Dual processing	Brains ability to work simultaneously in the conscious & unconscious realm (i.e. fast thinking & slow thinking)	75
8108697817	Adoption studies	Research that shows the role of environment (i.e. attitude, values, manners, faith, etc...)	76
8108703386	Twin Studies	Research that shows the role of genetic predisposition (i.e. personality traits, agression, etc...)	77
8153576015	Interaction	Do I love a happy baby or is the baby happy because I love it?	78
8153582614	Curare	Ach antagonist to prevent squirrels from running away	79
8153599324	Internally-made....Ingested	Neurotransmitters are(blank) while Agonist/Antagonists are (blank)	80
8153605588	Hormones	The slower, chemical "siblings" to neurotransmitters that are released into the bloodstream	81
8153634867	Adrenaline	Hormonal equivalent to epinephrine	82
8153646077	Could say "comb"	In a split brain patient, if a comb is flashed in the right visual field and a saw is flashed in the left visual field then one could.....	83
8153663951	Cortical tissue	The more sensitive the area, the more (blank) it has in the somatosensory strip.	84