AP World History Chapter 3 Flashcards

7656973692	Himalayan Mountains	region marking the northern border of the Indian subcontinent	0
7656973693	Varnas	the categories organizing Indian society into a functional hierarchy	1
7656973694	Untouchables	lowest caste in Indian society; performed tasks that were considered polluting (street sweeping, removal of human waste, tanning	2
7656973695	Karma	the sum of merits accumulated by an individual; determined the caste one would be born into in the next life	3
7656973696	Reincarnation	the successive rebirth of the soul according to merits earned in previous lives	4
7656973697	Mahabharata, Ramayana	Indian epics, deeply imbued with Hindu teachings	5
7656973698	Buddha	creator of a major Indian and Asian religion; born in the 6th century B.C.E.; taught that enlightenment could be achieved only by abandoning desires for earthly things	6
7656973699	nirvana	the Buddhist state of enlightenment; a state of tranquility	7
7656973700	Maurya dynasty	established in Indian subcontinent in 4th century B.C.E. following the invasion of Alexander the Great	8
7656973701	Chandragupta Maurya	founder of the Mauryan dynasty, the first empire in the Indian subcontinent; first centralized government since Harappan civilization	9
7656973702	Kautilya	political advisor to Chandragupta Maurya; wrote political treatise "Arthashastra"	10
7656973703	Ashoka	grandson of Chandragupta Maurya; extended conquests of the dynasty; converted to Buddhism and sponsored its spread throughout his empire	11
7656973704	Stupas	stone shrines built to house relics of the Buddha; preserved Buddhist architectural forms	12
7656973705	Upanishads	later books of the Vedas; combined sophisticated and sublime philosophical ideas	13
7656973706	Shiva, Vishnu	the most important Hindu deities, Shiva destruction, Vishnu the preserver	14
7656973707	Gupta Dynasty	built an empire in the 3rd century C.E. that included all but southern Indian regions; less centralized than Mauryan Empire	15
7656973708	Sanskrit	the classical and sacred Indian language	16
7659984875	Indra	Chief deity of the the Aryans; depicted as a colossal, hard-drinking warrior	17
7659991850	Dharma	The caste position and career determined by one's birth; Hindu culture required that one accept one's social position and perform occupation to the best of one's ability in order to have a better situation in the next life	18