AP World History - Chapter 9 Flashcards

5829665897	Sahara	Desert running across northern Africa; separates the Mediterranean coast from southern Africa	0
5829667005	sahel	The extensive grassland belt at the southern edge of the Sahara; a point of exchange between the forests to the south and northern Africa	1
5829671646	tsetse fly	flourished in wet lowlands; carried sleeping sickness that severely limited pastoralism in western and central Africa	2
5829673579	transhumant	A form of pastoralism common to the Mediterranean basin and the Sahara; involves moving from one region to another according to the season	3
5829675524	Nok	culture featuring highly developed art style flourishing between 500 b.c.e and 200 c.e.; located in forests of central Nigeria	4
5829677078	Yoruba	City-states developed in northern Nigeria c. 1200 c.e.; Ife featured artistic style possibly related to earlier Nok culture; agricultural societies supported by peasantry and dominated by ruling family and aristocracy	5
5829681635	Bantu	Originated in eastern Nigeria in west Africa; migrated into central and southern Africa using rivers - particularly the Congo Basin; village dwellers who depended on agriculture and fishing	6
5829686064	Pygmies	One of few pure hunting societies left in Africa following Bantu migration	7
5829686065	Axum	Kingdom located in Ethiopian highlands; defeated kingdom of Kush around 300 B.C.E. and succeeded by Ethiopia. Received strong influence from Arabian peninsula; eventually converted to Christianity	8
5829686066	Ghana	First great sub-Saharan state; created by Soninke people; by 9th century c.e. a major source of gold in the Mediterranean world	9
5829700344	Sudanic States	Kingdoms that developed during the height of Ghana's power in the region; based at Takrur on the Senegal River to the west and Gao on the Niger River to the east; included Mali and Songhay	10
5829707305	Kumbi Saleh	Capital of empire of Ghana; divided into two adjoining cities - one for the king, court, and indigenous people, and one for the merchants, scholars, and religious leaders; flourished 750 - 1240	11
5829711134	Mali	Empire centered between the Senegal and Niger rivers; creation of Malinke peoples; broke away from control of Ghanan in 13th century	12
5829712782	Almoravids	A puritanical reformist movement among the Islamic Berber tribes of northern Africa; controlled gold trade across Sahara; conquered Ghana in 1076; moved southward against African kingdoms of the savanna and westward into Spain	13
5829778788	pastoral nomads	an intermediate form of ecological adaption dependent on domesticated animal herds that feed on the natural environment; typically more populous than shifting cultivation groups	14
5829782740	Indo-europeans	Many people and languages of Europe, Iran, and northern India share a common linguistic traits due to being part of this ancient group.	15
5829786399	Xiongnu	nomadic raiders from the grasslands north of China during the reign of Han dynasty	16
5829788658	Celts	Inhabited most of Britain and Ireland; organized in small regional kingdoms; featured mixed agricultural and hunting economies; replaced in most places by German	17
5829790367	Germans	Populated much of the northwestern portion of the European continent. Their culture and institutions resembled those of the Celts. Mixed agriculture and hunting, and they also herded cattle	18
5829791118	Volkerwanderungen	Movement of Germanic peoples southward into the Roman Empire; resulted from population growth, pressure of Asian groups on eastern flanks of Germanic regions	19
5829791708	Slavs	An Indo-European group in Russia and the Balkans that ultimately dominated much of eastern Europe from the Balkans northward	20
5829791709	Scythians	Barbarians from Caucasus region in South Russia	21
5830270474	Honshu	Largest of the Japanese islands; most heavily populated	22
5830270479	Jomon culture	Created by early migrants to Japan after 3000 b.c.e.; hunting-and-gathering people, produced a distinctive pottery form	23
5830270996	Yayoi epoch	Last centuries b.c.e. in Japan; featured introduction of wet-rice cultivation, ironworking; produced wheel-turned pottery and sophisticated bronzeware	24
5830270997	Shinto	Religion of early Japanese culture; devotees worshipped numerous gods and spirits associated with the natural world; offers of food and prayers made to gods and natural spirits	25
5830272194	Ameterasu	Sun goddess of the Shinto religion	26
5830272529	Yamato	Japanese clan that gained increasing dominance in the 4th and 5th centuries c.e.; created imperial cult around Amaterasu and Shinto; brought most of the lowland plains of the southern islands under control	27
5830272530	Nara	Along with Heian, capital of the Yamato emperors; patterned after ancient imperial centers of China; never fully populated	28
5830273274	Heian	Capital city of Japan under the Yamato emperors, later called Kyoto; built in order to escape influence of Buddhist monks; patterned after ancient imperial centers of China; never fully populated	29
5830274665	Austronesian	Family of 30 related languages found in the Philippines, Indonesia, and southeast Asia; people of this linguistic group migrated throughout the Pacific	30
5830274666	Polynesia	Islands contained in a rough triangle whose points lie in Hawaii, New Zealand, and Easter Island	31
5830275518	pahi	Double canoes used for long-distance voyaging; carried a platform between canoes for passengers or cargo	32
5830275519	Kamehameha I	Fought series of wars backed by British weapons and advisors resulting in unified Hawaiian kingdom by 1810; as king he promoted economic change by encouraging Western merchants to establish export trade in Hawaiian good	33
5830275926	mana	Power of Hawaiian ali'i; emanated from their lineages and enable them to extract labor or tribute from their subjects	34
5830275927	kapu	Complex set of social regulations in Hawaii that forbade certain activities and regulated social discourse	35
5830275928	Maori	Residents of New Zealand; migrated to New Zealand from Society Islands as early as 8th century c.e.	36
5830276453	moa	Large, wingless birds native to New Zealand; hunted to extinction by early settlers; extinction established need to develop new sources of protiens	37
5830281109	hapu	primary social unit of Maori society in New Zealand; divisions of tribes consisting of extended families; land allotted ot extended families in common	38