Chapter 19 AP World History Flashcards

9012338096	Manzikert		0
9012338116	Manors	Economic and social units of life in early Middle Ages	1
9012341183	Three estates	Those who pray: clergy Those who fight: knights Those who work: peasants	2
9012344740	Pilgrimage	A journey to a place considered sacred for religious purposes.	3
9012349586	First crusades/Pope Urban	1096-1099, more organized expedition Captures Jerusalem, largely due to poor Muslim organization Salah al-Din (Saladin) recaptures Jerusalem in 1187	4
9012357406	Holy Roman Empire	Kingdom originally made up of what is now Germany and Italy	5
9012365453	Pope Gregory I	6th century pope who introduced concept of Christendom: Europe as a kingdom united by Christianity	6
9012367394	Chivalry	Code of conduct for nobles Sponsored by Church to minimize fighting among Christians	7
9012367395	Gothic cathedrals	Medieval architecture of Catholic churches characterized by tall spires and flying buttresses	8
9012376659	Bubonic plague	a deadly contagious disease caused by bacteria and spread by fleas	9
9012376660	Serfs	an agricultural laborer bound under the feudal system to work on his lord's estate.	10
9012381004	William Duke of Normandy	One of main invaders of his time. Conquers England after defeating Godwinsony	11
9012382993	Guilds	Association of merchants or artisans who cooperated to protect their economic interests	12
9012382994	Leif Erikson	Established a settlement around 1000 in or near Newfoundland. First European to reach the New World	13
9012387248	Iconoclasm	A belief that the practice of worshiping and honoring objects such as icons was sinful.	14
9012387249	Vassals	lesser lords who pledged their service and loyalty to a greater lord -- in a military capacity	15
9012391304	Hanseatic League	a commercial and defensive confederation of free cities in northern Germany and surrounding areas	16
9012393397	Thomas Aquinas	Scholar who argued that the most basic religious truths could be proved by sound reasoning	17
9012395342	Reconquista	The retaking of the Iberian Peninsula by Spanish forces from the Moors. It was completed in 1492.	18
9012400103	Fourth Crusade	1202-1204	19
9012408417	Compare and contrast the rise of the Byzantine and Holy Roman empires.	When Rome declined, the western half of the Empire formed the Byzantine Empire. The eastern half of became the Holy Roman Empire.	20
9012417586	Compare and contrast the development of regional monarchies and states in France, England, Italy, and Iberia.	Europe had trouble developing new monarchies. The rest of the countries rules were harsh and a Machiavelli attitued that gained them respect.	21
9012428359	Explain the growth of the postclassical European agricultural economy.	Western society had other common features in economic activity and social structure.	22
9012436974	Identify the reason behind the revival of towns and trade across Europe and the Mediterranean.	Trade routes reopened by Western Europe and the East.	23
9012445781	Explain the important features of postclassical European social change.	The postclassical West demonstrated great powers of innovation.	24
9012451238	Outline the development of schools, universities, and scholastic theologies.	Cathedral schools had formal curricula. Student guilds and faculty guilds.	25
9012458205	Explain key features of popular religion, reform movements, and popular heresies.	Religious beliefs that were in disagreement with an established Christian doctrine.	26
9012467861	Compare and contrast European expansions during the middle ages.		27