Emergency Care 13th Ed. Chapter 31 - Environmental Emergencies Flashcards

4249746844	________ is the transfer of heat from one material to another through direct contact	Conduction	0
4249746845	_____ _____ is chilling caused by conduction of heat from the body when the body or clothing is wet	Water chill	1
4249746846	Water conducts heat away from the body ___ times faster than still air	25	2
4249746847	_______ is carrying away of heat by currents of air, water, or other gases or liquids	Convection	3
4249746848	_____ _____ is chilling caused by convection of heat from the body in the presence of air currents	Wind chill	4
4249746849	________ is sending out energy, such as heat, in waves into space	Radiation	5
4249746850	_________ is the change from liquid to gas. When the body perspires or gets wet, evaporation of the perspiration or other liquid into the air has a cooling effect on the body	Evaporation	6
4249746851	_________ is breathing. During breathing, body heat is lost as warm air is exhaled from the body	Respiration	7
4249746852	________ is generalized cooling that reduces body temperature below normal, which is a life-threatening condition in its extreme	Hypothermia	8
4249746853	Between ___-___ degrees, expect shivering to occur	99-96	9
4249746854	Between ___-___ degrees, expect intense shivering and difficulty speaking	95-91	10
4249746855	Between ___-___ degrees, expect shivering to decrease and be replaced by muscular rigidity	90-86	11
4249746856	Between ___-___ degrees, expect the patient to become irrational, lose contact with the environment, and drift into a stuporous state	85-81	12
4249746857	Between ___-___ degrees, expect the patient to lose consciousness and not respond to verbal stimuli	80-78	13
4249746858	Patients in _______, with ______, head and spinal cord injuries, infection, diabetes, and under the influence of ______ or ______ are more at risk of hypothermia	Shock, burns, drugs or alcohol	14
4249746859	The greatest area of heat loss in the body is the ______	Head	15
4249746860	A pulse should be checked in hypothermic patients for at least ___-___ secs	30-45 secs	16
4249746861	________ rewarming allows the body to rewarm itself	Passive	17
4249746862	________ rewarming is the application of an external heat source to rewarm the body of a hypothermic patient	Active	18
4249746863	________ rewarming is the application of heat to the lateral chest, neck, armpits, and groin of a hypothermic patient	Central	19
4249746864	Rough handling of a hypothermic patient can result in _______ _______	Ventricular fibrillation	20
4249746865	In cases of severe hypothermia, you will find the patient unconscious with no discernible vital signs. The H/R can slow to less than ___ beats/min, and the patient will feel cold to the touch. Patient could still be alive	10	21
4249746866	A hypothermic patient may not reach biological death for more than ___ mins	30 mins	22
4249746867	______ ______ is cooling or freezing of particular parts of the body. Classified as early and superficial, or late and deep	Local cooling	23
4249746868	The most severe cases of local cooling result in _______ (localized tissue death), resulting in a dead white color of skin	Gangrene	24
4249746869	Before warming a frozen body part, ensure to remove ______	Jewelry	25
4249746870	______ is a good indicator of successful rewarming	Pain	26
4249746871	________ is an increase in body temperature above normal, which is a life-threatening condition	Hyperthermia	27
4249746872	When humidity is high, the evaporation of perspiration ______	Slows	28
4249746873	Prolonged exposure to excessive heat can create an emergency in which the patient presents with moist, pale skin that may feel normal or cool to the touch, a condition known as heat _______	Exhaustion	29
4249746874	When the body loses salts and brings on painful muscle cramps, the condition is called heat _______	Cramps	30
4249746875	The first step in emergency care for patients with heat conditions is to _______ them from the hot environment	Remove	31
4249746876	When a heat emergency patient presents with hot skin, whether dry or moist, it is known as heat ______. Starts when the patient stops sweating	Stroke	32
4249746877	_________ is the process of experiencing respiratory impairment from submersion/immersion in liquid. Outcomes are classified as death, morbidity, and no morbidity	Drowning	33
4249746878	_______ means the patient experiences illness or other adverse effects, such as unconsciousness or pnemonia	Morbidity	34
4249746879	Some patients who drown in cold water can be resuscitated after ___ mins or more in cardiac arrest	30 mins	35
4249746880	_______ _______ is a condition resulting from nitrogen trapped in the body's tissues, caused by coming up too quickly from a deep, prolonged dive. A symptom is "the bends" or deep pain in the muscles and joints	Decompression sickness	36
4249746881	____ percent of decompression sickness cases occur within 3 hours of the dive	90	37
4249746882	The risk of decompression sickness is increased if divers fly within ___ hours of a dive	12	38
4249746883	The order of water rescue is: ______, ______ and tow, _____, and ____	Reach, throw, row, and go	39
4249746884	_______ are substances produced by animals or plants that are poisonous to humans	Toxins	40
4249746885	_______ is a toxin produced by certain animals such as snakes, spiders, and some marine life	Venom	41
4249746886	_____ ______ spider bites are painless, and patients seldom recall being bitten. Bite results in severe localized tissue damage	Brown recluse	42
4249746887	_____ _____ and _____ snakes are two poisonous snakes in the U.S.	Pit vipers and coral	43
4249746888	A ______ _______ _______ may be the most effective technique to slow the spread of venom after as snakebite	Pressure immobilization bandage	44
4249746889	The purpose of the pressure immobilization bandage is to restrict the flow of the ______, not the blood	Lymph	45
4249746890	Rinsing site of the sting from marine life with _______ will reduce pain to the sting	Vinegar	46
4249746891	After a sting site has been rinsed with vinegar to inactivate the venom, immersion of the site in hot but nonscalding water (maximum ____ degrees) may further reduce the pain	113	47