AP World History Periods 1 & 2 Flashcards

7383729676	Ashoka	3rd king of the Mauryan dynasty, first Indian ruler to support Buddhism	0
7383739890	Dharma	Sanskrit term meaning correct conduct according to law or custom.	1
7383764666	Indus River Valley	Site of the earliest complex society on the Indian subcontinent	2
7383787476	Sanskrit	Language of the Indo-Aryan migrants in northern India	3
7383799318	Rig Veda	Collection of 1,028 Sanskrit hymns composed around 1500-1000CE	4
7383811060	Vedic Religion	Belief system of Indo-European migrants in northern India. Involved animal sacrifice and the natural world	5
7383833892	Nomads	People who migrate seasonally from place to place	6
7383842499	Varna	Sanskrit word for "color" refers to the 4 major social classes of ancient Indian society	7
7383850746	Jati	Known as "subcaste" for groups of 5-15 thousand people	8
7383862292	Karma	The sum of one's deeds in this and all earlier existences that determines one's rebirth in the next life	9
7383869789	Jainism	Emphasizes right knowledge, right faith, and right conduct. A relgion founded around the same time as Buddhism	10
7383883090	Buddha	Founder of Buddhism also called Siddhartha Gautama or the enlightened one	11
7383891853	Nirvana	Sanskrit word meaning "extinction," a state reached when the eight-fold path and four noble truths were followed	12
7383905572	Mauryan Dynasty	A dynasty that unified much of the Indian subcontinent	13
7383913848	Chakravartin	"Turner of the wheel," Buddhist term for the ideal ruler	14
7383920045	Ceremonial State	State whose ruler sponsored religious observances so that his subjects will acknowledge him as ruler	15
7384088926	Lay Buddhist	A Buddhist devotee who observes the five precepts not to steal, kill, commit adultery, lie, or drink alcohol but does not join a Buddhist order	16
7384141532	Dhows	Small sailboats used in the Indian Ocean	17
7384163709	Sima Qian	Author of "Records of the Grand Historian," a history of China from ancient legendary times to the first century BCE. Lived during the Han dynasty.	18
7400346909	First Emperor of the Qin	First ruler to unify China and founder of his dynasty	19
7400352198	Shang Dynasty	China's first historic dynasty, used oracle bones.	20
7400376046	Oracle Bones	The earliest surviving written records in China, used to record divine interpretations of the future.	21
7400389884	Ancestor Worship	The Belief in China that dead relatives could intercede in human affairs.	22
7400396499	Zhou Dynasty	Successor to the Shang, gained the Mandate of Heaven.	23
7400406299	Mandate of Heaven	Chinese belief that Heaven, chose the rightful ruler and that Heaven would send signs before withdrawing its mandate.	24
7400420489	Confucius	Teacher who tutored students, known only through The Analects.	25
7400431030	Confucianism	Term for the main tenets of the thought of Confucius. Emphasized role of ritual in bringing out people's humanity.	26
7400444037	Daoism	Chinese belief system that emphasized the "Way"/"Dao."	27
7400453530	Legalism	A school of thought associated with the Qin rulers that emphasized promotion based on merit and performance, not heredity.	28
7400463035	Qin Dynasty	First dynasty to rule a unified China, influenced on Legalist teachings.	29
7400472311	Han dynasty	Successor to the Qin dynasty, used the Qin blueprint for empire.	30
7400489894	Imperial Academy	Established by the Han emperor Wu, to encourage the study of Confucian texts.	31
7405520862	Ban Zhao	A historian and the author of "Lessons for Women"	32
7405524435	Xiongnu	Nomadic people north of China whose military strength derived from brilliant horsemanship, defeated the Han often.	33
7405534130	Mau Piailug	Studied traditional Polynesian navigation and successfully guided a reconstructed double-hulled canoe from Hawai'i to Tahiti in 1976.	34
7409821730	Mesoamerica	Region that includes the southern 2/3 of modern Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica.	35
7409825719	Olmec	A complex society that arose on the Gulf of Mexico, known for colossal heads made from basalt.	36
7409835963	Long Count	A calendar that ran cumulatively, that came into use in the fifth and fourth centuries BCE.	37
7409849813	Teotihuacan	Largest city in the Americas before 1500, occupied from 200bce to 650ce.	38
7409860583	Maya	Indigenous people living in modern-day Yucatan, Belize, Honduras, and Guatemala.	39
7409868587	Copán	Typical Maya city-state which reached its peak in the eighth century, had strict social classes.	40
7409881034	Obsidian	A naturally occurring volcanic glass used by different peoples in the Americas, most important good traded by the Maya.	41
7409888548	Popul Vuh	One of the few surviving sources in the Mayan language, features a series of hip ballgames.	42
7409893882	Mississippian Peoples	The first northern people to build large urban centers in the Mississippi River Valley.	43
7409898398	Caral	Earliest complex society in the Americas.	44
7409906136	Chavin	Andean complex society in modern-day Peru, best known for its temples and large stone sculptures of animals.	45
7409909367	Polynesian Triangle	An imaginary triangle with sides 4,000 miles long linking Hawaii, Easter Island, New Zealand, and other islands.	46
7409914653	Double Canoe	Sailing vessel made by connecting two canoes with rope to a wooden frame, used by ancestors of modern Polynesians.	47
7409930048	Etak	Traditional Polynesian system of navigation that uses the stars, clouds, waves, and bird flight patterns to steer on sea voyages.	48
7409936093	Moai	Name for the 887 statues, probably of ancestral leaders made from tufa volcanic rock, erected on Easter Island.	49
7409946629	Herodotus	Greek speaking historian and author of "The Histories," known as the father of history.	50
7409957154	Achaemenids	Ruling dynasty in Iran between 550 and 330bce. Founder was from the region of Persia and he governed a population estimated at 30-35 million people.	51
7409986734	Satrap	Darius established provinces administered by these.	52
7410012515	The Avesta	Means "The Injunction of Zarathushtra" contains hymns attributed to Zarathushtra.	53
7410025196	Zoroastrianism	Iranian religion named for Zarathushtra, taught that hosts of good and evil spirits populate the spiritual world,	54
7410033109	Ahura Mazda	Name of the supreme deity of Zoroastrianism.	55
7410041453	Cyrus	Founder of the Achaemenid dynasty in Iran.	56
7410047581	Lydian Coins	First metal coins in the world dating to around 600bce.	57
7410054232	Darius I	Third Achasmenid Persian ruler, conquered territory in Eurasia but unable to defeat Scythians.	58
7410061061	Phoenicians	Seagoing people, traded across the Mediterranean, their alphabet was not pictoral and is an ancestor of the Roman alphabet.	59
7410065491	Artemisa	Woman ruler of the Halicarnassus, led the Persians at the battle of Salamis.	60
7410069468	Thucydides	Author of "History of the Peloponnesian War"	61
7410071719	Socrates	A great philosopher who believed that virtue was the highest good, would ask students questions without telling the answers.	62
7410075315	Plato	A student of Socrates who used the Socratic method in his teaching which emphasized ethics.	63
7410081165	Aristotle	A Greek philosopher who encouraged students to observe the natural world and explain logically how they proceeded from starting assumptions.	64
7410283734	Alexander of Macedon	Defeated the last Achaemenid ruler and ruled the former Persian empire. until his death.	65
7410288553	Hellenism	Non-Greek peoples adopted Greek customs and vice versa.	66
7410293700	Parthians	The ruling dynasty of Iran, famous for their heavily armored cavalry, they posed a problem for the Roman empire.	67
7410306171	Sasanians	Defeated the Parthians and ruled for more than four centuries, introduced nonsatrap royal lands and supported Zoroastrianism.	68
7410318267	Persianate	Elements of Persian empires that lived on after the fall of the Sasanians.	69
7410328432	Egeria	A Christian pilgrim from Spain who visited Jerusalem, Egypt, and parts of modern Turkey.	70
7410331873	Polybius	A Greek historian who was deported to Rome, wrote "The Rise of the Roman Empire"	71
7410333948	Roman Republic	Roman government between 509 and 27bce, ruled by 2 elected officials who consulted with the senate.	72
7410339023	Roman Senate	Roman governing body during the Roman republic.	73
7410341095	Carthage	A city in north Africa originally founded by the Phoenicians, Rome's main rival for Mediterranean control.	74
7410346430	Punic Wars	Three wars that Rome and Carthage fought, Rome won every war.	75
7410351094	Hannibal	Military strategist who led Carthage's armies into Italy during the second Punic War.	76
7410360140	Paterfamilias	The legal head of a family in Rome who made all decisions.	77
7410366880	Cornelia	Mother of the Gracchus brothers who were reformers. She exercised political influence.	78
7410374950	Dictator	Position given by the Roman senate to a temporary commander who had full authority for a limited time.	79
7410378709	Julius Caesar	Rome's most successful military commander who was named dictator by the senate.	80
7410380410	Roman Principate	System of government in Rome in which the princeps ruled the empire as a monarch.	81
7410385583	Augustus	Also known as Octavian, became princeps of Rome in 27bce.	82
7410395324	Hebrews/Jews	These people were the first to become monotheistic.	83
7410400939	Reasons for the Mayan collapse	-Warfare -Deforestation -Overpopulation	84
7410410493	Borobudur	Largest Buddhist temple, in Indonesia, resembles Mount Merapi.	85
7410414608	Prambanan	Hindu temple to Shiva, in Indonesia.	86
7410415453	Angkor Wat	Largest Hindu temple in the world, in Cambodia.	87
7465111829	Boddisattva	Buddhist term referring to a being headed for Buddhahood who postpones enlightenment to help others.	88
7465129409	Three Kingdoms period	Period of Korean history when the Koguryo, Paekche, and Silla kingdoms fought for control of the Korean peninsula.	89
7465148943	Silla	Adopted Buddhism, obtained control of Korea by uniting with the Tang.	90
7465155631	Bone-rank system	Korean social ranking system used by the Silla that divided Korean families into different categories.	91