Biological basis of behaviour ch. 3 Flashcards

8757370028	Microglia	Glial cells that originate in the blood, aid in cell repair and scavenge debris in the nervous system	0
8757370029	Myelin	Glial coating that surrounds axons in the central and peripheral nervous systems; preventing adjacent neurons from short circuiting	1
8757370030	Oligodendroglia	Glial cells in the CNS that myelinate axons	2
8757370031	Schwann cell	Glial cell in the PNS that myelinates sensory and motor axons	3
8757370032	Paralysis	Loss of sensation and movement due to nervous system injury	4
8757455016	Gene	DNA segment that encodes the synthesis of a particular protein	5
8757455017	Protein	Folded up polypeptide chain that serves a particular function in the body	6
8797094958	chanel	opening in a protein embedded in the cell membrane that allows the passage of ions	7
8797103038	gate	protein embedded in a cell membrane that allows substances to pass through the membrane on some occasions but not on others	8
8797111957	pump	protein in the cell membrane that actively transports a substance across the membrane	9
8797134072	allele	alternative form of a gene; a gene pair contains two alleles	10
8797139173	homozygous	having two identical alleles for a trait	11
8797145886	heterozygous	having two different alleles for the same trait	12
8797156180	mutation	alteration of an allele that yields a different version of its protein	13
8797163176	tay-sachs disease	inherited birth defect caused by the loss of genes that encode the enzyme necessary for breaking down certain fatty substances; appears 4 to 6 months after birth and results in intellectual disability, physical changes, and death by about age 5	14
8797185671	wild type	typical allele (most common in a population)	15
8797193193	huntington disease	hereditary disease characterized by chorea (ceaseless involuntary jerky movements) and progressive dementia, ending in death	16
8797208491	down syndrome	chromosomal abnormally resulting in intellectual impairment and other abnormalities, usually caused by an extra chromosome 21	17
8797223071	transgenic animal	product of technology in which one or more genes from one species is introduced into the genome of another species to be passed along and expressed in subsequent generations	18
8797242659	gene (DNA) methylation	epigenetic process in which a methyl group attaches to the DNA sequence, suppressing or enabling gene expression	19