AP Chemistry Flashcards
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| 6705385284 | percent composition | mass of element / mass of compound x 100 | 0 | |
| 6705385285 | empirical formula | simplest ratio of a compound | 1 | |
| 6705385286 | molecular formula | actual formula for a substance | 2 | |
| 6705385287 | Aufbau principle | electrons occupy lowest available energy level | 3 | |
| 6705385288 | Pauli Exclusion Principle | within an atom no 2 e- can have the same set of quantum numbers; if an orbital has 2 e-, they must have different spins | 4 | |
| 6705385289 | Hund's Rule | when an e- is added to a subshell, it will always occupy an empty orbital if avaliable | 5 | |
| 6705385293 | Bohr Model | -electrons are present in specific energy levels -when e- gain energy, they move up energy levels, while e- release energy as they move down |  | 6 |
| 6705385297 | kinetic energy | energy of motion | 7 | |
| 6705385300 | John Dalton | -proposed 5 different postulates of atomic theory said there are different types of atoms, called elements -elements combine, forming compounds -compounds have the same ratio of elements -atoms are never created or destroyed in chemical reactions | 8 | |
| 6705385301 | J.J. Thomson | -cathode ray experiment -put forth plum pudding model |  | 9 |
| 6705385303 | Rutherford | -gold foil experiment→discovered nucleus |  | 10 |
| 6705385317 | polar covalent bond | -e- are unequally shared b/c atoms have different electronegativities | 11 | |
| 6705385321 | dipole-dipole force | -positive end of one polar molecule attracted to negative end of another -low melting/boiling points | 12 | |
| 6705385328 | VSEPR Model | -model used to predict molecular geometry | 13 | |
| 6705385341 | Kinetic Molecular Theory | Pressure is caused by collisions of particles with walls 3. Particles don't attract/repel each other 4. Avg. kinetic energy = 1.5R/T | 14 | |
| 6705385348 | synthesis reaction | a+b=ab |  | 15 |
| 6705385349 | decomposition reaction | ab= a + b |  | 16 |
| 6705385350 | acid-base reaction | HCl + NaOH → H₂O + NaCl | 17 | |
| 6705385351 | oxidation-reduction (redox) reaction | Cu²⁺ + 2e- → Cu | 18 | |
| 6705385354 | solubility rules | -compounds w/ an alkali metal are soluble -compounds w/ an NH₄⁺ are soluble -compounds w/ an NO₃⁻ are soluble | 19 | |
| 6705385414 | how to find pH | -log[H⁺] | 20 | |
| 6705385444 | sublimation | solid to gas | 21 | |
| 6705385445 | Boyle's Law | P₁V₁=P₂V₂ | 22 | |
| 6705385449 | [H⁺] = | = 10^-pH | 23 |