AP World History Summer Vocabulary Flashcards

7178400327	abate	to lessen, reduce, remove, nullify, omit, etc.	0
7178400847	absolutism	the acceptance of the belief in absolute (universal, fixed) principles in political, philosophical, ethical, or theological matters	1
7178402734	adjacent	next to or adjoining something else	2
7178404124	agrarian	relating to cultivated land/cultivation of land, advancement of agricultural groups; a person who favors equal division of land property & advancement of agricultural groups	3
7178407046	agriculture	farming; cultivation & breeding of animals, plants, & fungi for food, fiber, biofuel, medicinal plants & other products used to sustain & enhance human life	4
7178414263	anthropomorphic	having/giving human characteristics to in animate objects, animals, plants, deities, natural phenomenons, & other non-human entities	5
7178420504	aristocracy	a government in which power is held by the nobility or ruling class, especially those holding hereditary titles/offices	6
7178421775	avarice	extreme greed for wealth or material gain	7
7178422231	bias	a particular tendency, trend, inclination, feeling or opinion, especially one that is preconceived or unreasoned	8
7178423699	Buddhism	a religion attributed to the Buddha	9
7178424142	bureaucracy	a government in which most of the important decisions are made by state officials rather than by elected representatives	10
7178425777	capital	the city/town that is the official seat of government in a country, state, etc.	11
7178426679	capitalism	an economic system in which investment in & ownership of the means of production, distributions, & exchange of wealth is made & maintained chiefly by private individuals or corporations, especially as contrasted to cooperatively or state-owned means of wealth	12
7178430710	capitulate	to surrender or give up; resistance	13
7178431020	centralized	to bring under one control; the concentration of control of an activity/organization under a single authority	14
7178432369	charlatan	a person falsely claiming to have a special knowledge or skill; a fraud	15
7178433993	chattel	a slave; a movable article of personal property; any article of real property other than land, buildings, & other things related to land	16
7178437637	chiefdom	a form hierarchical political organization in non-industrial societies usually based on kinship, & in which formal leadership is monopolized by the legitimate senior members of select families or "houses"; the territory or people over which a chief rules	17
7178443553	Christianity	the religion based on the person & teachings of Jesus of Nazareth	18
7178445490	city-state	a city that with its surrounding territory forms an independent city & with its surrounding land which has its own government, completely separate from nearby countries	19
7178448339	civilization	the stage of human social development & organization that's considered most advanced; society, culture, & a way of life in a particular area	20
7178450819	clergy	the body of all people ordained for religious duties, especially in the Christian church	21
7178452530	coerce	persuade (usually an unwilling person) to do something by using force/threats	22
7178459161	colonialism	policy/practice of acquiring full or partial political control over another country, occupying it with settlers, & exploiting it economically (common during 1400-1700s)	23
7178466576	colony	an area or country under the full or partial political control of another country, usually a distant one	24
7178468424	communism	a political system derived from Karl Marx promoting class war & leading to a society in which all property is publicly owned & each person works & is paid according to their abilities & needs	25
7178563375	Confucianism	philosophy & ethical teachings found by Confucius (Chinese) that shows the way to ensure a stable government & an orderly society in the present world & stress a moral code of conduct	26
7178565607	copious	abundant, plentiful in supply or quantity	27
7178566880	culture	beliefs, customs, & traditions of a specific group of people with many influential factors	28
7178567677	Daoism	a religious & philosophical system developed in China & holds that the people must turn to nature in order to be happy. followers believed the fewer the laws/rules, the happier people will be (also called Taoism)	29
7178572994	deforestation	removal of trees, especially for farms, ranches, and urban-use, etc.	30
7178576903	demography	study of statistics like births, deaths, income, or disease, which illustrate changes in human population	31
7178578106	derive	to receive or trace from a source or origin	32
7178582234	Diaspora	any group that has been dispersed outside its homeland, especially involuntarily; Ex: the scattering of Jews to countries outside of Palestine after the Babylonian captivity who can now be found in other places today beside Israel	33
7178584982	divine	of or relating to God or a god	34
7178585452	dynasty	a sequence of rulers from the same family, stock, or group	35
7178586299	economic	pertaining to the production, distribution, & use of income, wealth, & commodities	36
7178592116	edict	a decree issued by a sovereign or other authority	37
7178596795	egalitarian	someone who believes in the equality of all people, especially in political, economic, or social life	38
7178598173	empire	a group of nations/peoples ruled over by usually an emperor/empress, or other powerful sovereign/government; usually a territory of greater extent than a kingdom	39
7178629243	encroach	to advance beyond a proper, established, or usual limits; to trespass upon the property, domain, or rights of another especially by stealthily or gradual advances	40
7178639353	epidemic	extremely prevalent; widespread; (of a disease) affecting many persons at the same time, & spreading from person to person in a locality where the disease is not permanently prevalent	41
7178646484	equitable	just, right, fair, reasonable	42
7178710356	ethnocentrism	the evaluation of other cultures according to preconceptions originating in the standards and customs of one's own culture	43
7178712956	Feudalism	the dominant social system in medieval Europe, in which the nobility held lands from the Crown in exchange for military services, & vassals were the tenants of the nobles, while the peasants were required to live on their lord's land & give him homage, labor, & a share of the produce, notionally in exchange for military protection	44
7178717917	forage	to search widely for food or provisions	45
7178718417	fundamental	of central importance forming a necessary base or core	46
7178721091	genocide	the deliberate (intentional) killing of a large group of people, especially those of a particular ethnic group or nation	47
7178730585	globalization	the process by which businesses or other organizations develop international influence or start operating on an international scale	48
7178733189	hegemony	leadership or dominance, especially by one country or social group over others	49
7178734850	hierarchy	a system in which people/groups are ranked one above the other according to status or authority	50
7178736118	Hinduism	a religion or way of life widely practiced by the people of India & Nepal, & has no single founder, no single scripture & no commonly agreed set of teachings	51
7178737847	Ideology	a system of ideals, especially one that forms the basis of economic or political theory & policy	52
7178739416	imperialism	a policy of extending a country's power & influence through diplomacy or military force	53
7178740571	incursion	an invasion or attack, especially a sudden or brief one	54
7178741777	indentured servant	a person under contract to work for another person for a set period of time, usually without pay, but in exchange for free passage to a new country	55
7178745335	indignant	feeling or showing anger or annoyance at what is perceived as unfair treatment	56
7178746422	industrial	pertaining to industry (trade or manufacture)	57
7178747410	inflation	a persistent rise in the general level of prices related to an increase in the amount of money, resulting in the loss of value of currency (# of currency goes up & value goes down)	58
7178752295	institution	an organization, establishment, foundation, society, etc. devoted to the promotion of a particular cause or program, especially one of public, educational, or charitable character	59
7178754731	intermediary	a mediator, someone who comes between	60
7178754997	Judaism	the monotheistic religion of the Jews	61
7178755929	lambast	to criticize someone/thing harshly; to beat/whip severely	62
7178758026	legimate	conforming to established rules principles, standards, or the law	63
7178759249	malfeasance	wrongdoing, especially by a public official	64
7178763874	manufacture	to make (something) on a large scale using machinery	65
7178764846	maritime	connected with the sea, especially in relation to seafaring, commercial, or military activity, living or found in or near the sea	66
7178766870	matriarchy	a system or society or government ruled by a woman or women	67
7178768319	medieval	relating to the Middle Ages	68
7178769212	merchant	a person involved with trade or commerce	69
7180339345	monarchy	a form of government with a monarch (king, queen, emperor, etc.) as the head	70
7180340804	monotheism	the belief that there is only one God	71
7180341836	munificence	the quality or action of being greatly generous	72
7180342779	myriad	a countless or extremely great number	73
7180345368	nation	a large aggregate of people united by common descent, history, culture, or language, inhabiting a particular country or territory	74
7180348740	negligible	insignificant; so small or unimportant as to not be worth considering	75
7180354143	Neolithic	relating to the later part of the Stone Age, when ground or polished stone weapons & implements prevailed	76
7180356823	nobility	the group of people belonging to the noble class in a country, especially those with a hereditary or honorary title; quality of being noble in character, mind, birth, or rank	77
7180361793	nomad(-ic)	a person that has no permanent home & travels from place to place to find fresh pasture for their livestock; a person who does not stay long in the same place	78
7180365258	pagan	a person holding religious beliefs other than those of the main world religions; heathen; idolater	79
7180366874	pandemic	a disease prevalent over a whole country or the world	80
7180369225	papacy	the office or authority of the Pope	81
7180369493	parity	the state or condition of being equal, especially regarding status or pay; the value of one currency in terms of another at an established exchange range; a system of providing farmers with consistent purchasing power by regulating prices of farm products, usually with government price supports	82
7180375833	pastoral	(in the Christian church) concerning the giving of spiritual guidance; (of land or farm) used for or related to the keeping or grazing of sheep or cattle; associated with country life	83
7180383724	patriarchy	a system of society or government in which the father or eldest male is head of the family & descent is traced through the male line; men hold the power & women are excluded from it	84
7180387614	periodization	the process or study of categorizing the past into discrete, quantified named blocks of time in order to facilitate the study & analysis of history	85
7180390672	placate	to make someone/thing less angry or hostile	86
7180391996	plethora	a large or excessive amount	87
7180392535	polytheism	the belief in or worship of more than one god	88
7180393645	prehistoric	relating to the period before written records	89
7180394861	prevalent	widespread in a particular area at a particular time; popular; common; powerful	90
7180396297	primary source	original source; evidence; any source of information that was created at the time under study (ex: diary, artifact, manuscript, autobiography, recording)	91
7180398872	prolific	plentiful; present in large numbers/quantities; producing many works; producing much fruit, foliage, or many offspring	92
7180403794	Protestant	a member or follower of any of the Western Christian churches that are separate from the Roman Catholic Church & follow the principles of the Reformation, including Baptist, Presbyterian, & Lutheran churches	93
7180409685	prowess	a skill or expertise in a particular area	94
7180410172	rational	based on or in accordance with reason or logic	95
7180411452	reform	to make changes in something in order to improve it	96
7180412286	regime	a system or planned way of doing things; an authoritarian government	97
7180414444	revolution	a forcible overthrow of a government or social order in favor of a new system	98
7180415883	rural	in, relating to, or characteristics of the countryside rather than the town; the opposite of urban	99
7180417863	scribe	a person who copies out documents, especially one employed to do this before the invention of printing	100
7180419647	secondary source	piece of information that was created later by someone who did not experience firsthand or participate in the events being researched (ex: scholarly books & articles)	101
7180422122	secular	not subject to or bound by religious rule	102
7180422485	serf	an agricultural laborer bound under the feudal system to work on his lord's estate	103
7180424343	shaman	someone regarded as having access to & influence in the world of good & evil spirits, especially among some peoples of northern Asia & North America. Typically such people enter a trance state during a ritual, & practice divination & healing	104
7180428785	slave	a person who is the legal property of another & is forced to obey them	105
7180429938	state	a nation or territory considered as an organized political community under one government	106
7180432871	stratified	arranged or classified	107
7180433368	subjective	based on or influenced by personal feelings, tastes, or opinions	108
7180434405	subjugate	to bring under domination or control, especially by conquest	109
7180436033	surplus	an amount of something left over when requirements have been met	110
7180436605	syncretic	(syncretism) a union or attempted fusion of different religions, cultures, or philosophies (ex: Halloween has both Christian & pagan roots)	111
7180439529	textile	a type of cloth or woven fabric	112
7180440077	theocracy	a system of government in which priests rule in the name of God or a god	113
7180442060	tumultuous	making a loud, confused noise	114
7180442949	ubiquitous	present, appearing, or found everywhere	115
7180443886	urban	in, relating to, characteristic of a city or town; opposite of rural	116
7180444639	veneration	great respect; reverence	117
7180445081	xenophobic	fear & hatred of strangers or foreigners or of anything that is strange or foreign	118