AP Psychology- Neuroscience & Behavior Flashcards

Study cards for Chapter 2 of Psychology by David G Myers

7375116313	Neuron	A nerve cell; the basic building block of all functions of humans	0
7375116314	Dendrite	Receives messages from other cells	1
7375116315	Axon	Passes messages away from the cell body to other neurons, muscles, or glands	2
7375116316	Myelin Sheath	Covers the axon of some neurons and speeds impulses	3
7375116317	Action Potential	A neural impulse that travels down the axon	4
7375116318	Threshold	Stimulation required to trigger an impulse	5
7375116319	Synapse	Space between the axon tip and the dendrite	6
7375116320	Neurotransmitters	Chemical messengers that travel between synaptic gaps	7
7375116321	Acetylcholine	Muscle action, learning, and memory	8
7375116322	Dopamine	Movement, learning, attention, and emotion	9
7375116323	Serotonin	Mood, hunger, sleep, and arousal	10
7375116324	Norepinephrine	Alertness and arousal	11
7375116325	Endorphins	Opiatelike neurotransmitters linked to pain control and pleasure	12
7375116326	Central Nervous System	Brain and spinal cord	13
7375116327	Peripheral Nervous System	Sensory and motor neurons that connect the CNS to the rest of the body	14
7375116328	Sensory Neurons	Carry incoming information from the sense receptors to the CNS	15
7375116329	Interneurons	CNS neurons that communicate between sensory and motor neurons	16
7375116330	Motor Neurons	Carry outgoing information from the CNS to the muscles and glands	17
7375116331	Somatic Nervous System	Controls the body's skeletal muscles	18
7375116332	Autonomic Nervous System	Controls the glands and muscles of the internal organs	19
7375116333	Sympathetic Nervous System	Arouses the body in stressful situations	20
7375116334	Parasympathetic Nervous System	Calms the body to conserve energy	21
7375116335	Reflex	Simple inborn response to a sensory stimulus	22
7375116336	Neural Networks	Interconnected neural cells	23
7375116337	Lesion	Tissue destruction	24
7375116351	Glial Cells	Support, nourish, and protect neurons	25
7376319129	Parkinson's Disease	Not enough dopamine	26
7376331038	Alzheimer's Disease	Not enough acetylcholine	27
7376345641	Schizophrenia	Associated with excess dopamine	28
7376351542	Opiate addiction	Artificial increase in endorphin production due to antagonist drugs	29