AP Statistics Study Cards Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images [1]
| 6556156158 | Parameter | A calculation made from population data | 0 | |
| 6556156159 | Statistic | A calculation made from sample data | 1 | |
| 6556156160 | Convenience Sample | Uses subjects that are readily available (no randomization) | 2 | |
| 6556156161 | Voluntary Response Sample | Subjects choose to be part of the sample (no randomization) | 3 | |
| 6556156162 | Simple Random Sample | Every member of the population is equally likely to be chosen. | 4 | |
| 6556156163 | Steps to taking an SRS | 1. Assign each individual a number 2. Use table/calculator to choose sample (ignore repeats) 3. Indicate when to stop using the RNG 4. Identify subjects that correspond w/ selected #'s | 5 | |
| 6556156164 | Stratified Random Sample | Population is divided into groups and an SRS is selected from each group. Groups are different from one another. (some of all) |  | 6 |
| 6556156165 | Cluster Sample | Population is divided into groups and an SRS of entire groups is selected. Groups are similar to one another. (all of some) |  | 7 |
| 6556156166 | Systematic Random Sample | Every kth member of the population is chosen | 8 | |
| 6556156167 | Under-coverage Bias | A group within the population is left out of the sampling frame | 9 | |
| 6556156168 | Non-Response Bias | Person(s) chosen for the survey do not respond | 10 | |
| 6556156169 | Response Bias | Selected individuals respond incorrectly or untruthfully | 11 | |
| 6556156170 | Statistics (the subject) | The science (and art) of learning from data | 12 | |
| 6556156171 | Individuals | The objects described by a set of data. Individuals may be people, but they may also be animals or things. | 13 | |
| 6556156172 | Variable | Any characteristic of an individual | 14 | |
| 6556156173 | Quantitative Variables | Variables that count or measure (numeric) | 15 | |
| 6556156174 | Categorical Variables | Variables based on labels or categories (qualitative) | 16 | |
| 6556156175 | Distribution of a variable | Gives the values of a variable and their frequency. | 17 | |
| 6556156176 | Observational Study | Watching/observing individuals and recording variables of interest. | 18 | |
| 6556156177 | Experiment | Individuals are randomly assigned to groups where some treatment is imposed to determine cause and effect. | 19 | |
| 6556156178 | Population | The entire group of individuals we are interested in | 20 | |
| 6556156179 | Sample | A subset of the population | 21 | |
| 6556156180 | Sampling | Surveying, experimenting on, or observing a portion of the population. | 22 | |
| 6556156181 | Census | Surveying, experimenting on, or observing the entire population | 23 | |
| 6556156182 | Sampling Error | Any differences between what the sample says and what is actually true about the population. Cannot be entirely eliminated. | 24 | |
| 6556156183 | Table of Random Digits | A long string of the digits 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 | 25 | |
| 6556156184 | Bias | When the design of the sample systematically favors certain outcomes. | 26 | |
| 6556156185 | Wording of questions | Causes response bias by making the questions leading or confusing. Most important influence on the answers given to a survey. | 27 | |
| 6556156186 | Strata | Groups of individuals in a population which are similar with respect to the variable of interest. | 28 |